Beli Gildemeister Ctx Beta 500 V4 bekas (16.961)

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2008, jam operasional: 5.400 h, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, Gildemeister CTX 410 V4 Mesin Bubut Universal Pengendali: Fanuc 32i Penggerak Utama: 21kW, 240 Nm Turret: Sauter Tahun Pembuatan: 2008 Konveyor Serpihan Penyangga Ekor Cincin Penjepit Internal Hidraulik, Diameter Dalam Tabung Tarik maks. 66mm Pengoperasian Penutup Geser Otomatis Opsi: Pompa Pendingin dengan Kapasitas Lebih Besar, 12 bar, 23 l/menit Pistol Pendingin Chuck Tiga Rahang BRD210, SMW-Autoblock Sakelar Kaki untuk Mengoperasikan Penyangga Ekor Dokumentasi dan ekspor dapat disediakan dengan biaya tambahan. Inspeksi dengan mesin dalam kondisi menyala dapat dilakukan. Kami dengan senang hati akan mengirimkan detail lebih lanjut atau mengatur inspeksi di lokasi. Lajdpfxszg T Hnj Ac Hef

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2011, Technical Details: Turning length: 310 mm Swing diameter over bed: 500 mm Swing diameter over cross slide: 290 mm Centre distance: 500 mm X-axis travel: 190 mm Z-axis travel: z1: 335 / z3: 370 mm Y-axis travel: 80 mm Spindle speed: 6000 rpm Control: Heidenhain CNC Pilot 4290 Spindle bore: 73 mm Bar diameter: 50 mm Tool turret – number of stations: 12 Tool holder: VDI 30 mm Rapid traverse X + Z axes: 30 m/min Operating hours (power-on): 36,443 h Operating hours (spindle): 8,545 h Interface: yes Total power requirement: 20 kVA kW Chip conveyor dimensions (LxWxH): 3.2 x 0.45 x 1.5 m CNC Slant Bed Lathe With 3-jaw chuck Ø 160 mm incl. matching flange (max. speed 4,500 rpm) and additionally 2 sets of spare jaws. 12-station turret, all stations driven; Sauter disc turret (C-axis = 300 rpm). Main spindle torque: 95 Nm at 100%, 127 Nm at 40%. Laodpfxew S Efzo Ac Hjf Chip conveyor 450 K-1/250; year of manufacture: 2000 Electrical cabinet with Rittal cooling The machine does not have a hydraulic chuck. A manual chuck has been installed by the previous owner. The machine is for sale in non-functional condition. There is an unknown malfunction in the turret, so reference runs and axis movement are not possible. Therefore, machining operations cannot currently be performed. The machine is offered for sale as in need of repair! i.D. *

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2005, Diameter pembubutan di atas tempat tidur: 680 mm Panjang pembubutan: 600–635 mm Kontrol: Siemens Berat mesin sekitar 6.500 kg Diameter pembubutan di atas tempat tidur: 680 mm Diameter pembubutan di atas carriage: 565 mm Lajdpfjzgxfvox Ac Hjf Panjang pembubutan: 600 hingga 635 mm Sumbu X: 260 mm Sumbu Y: 80 mm Sumbu Z: 635 mm

Kondisi: sangat baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2003, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, Mesin Bubut CNC Pabrikan: Gildemeister Tipe: CTX 420 linear V3 Tahun pembuatan: 2003 Kontrol: Heidenhain Plus IT Diameter putar di atas ranjang: 680 mm Diameter putar di atas dudukan: 565 mm Jarak lintasan sumbu X: 260 mm Jarak lintasan sumbu Z: 635 mm Lodpjxc Uq Tjfx Ac Hsaf Daya penggerak 40/100%: 25/37 kW Kisaran putaran: 20 – 5000 rpm Berat sekitar: 6500 kg Perlengkapan: Tool driven: 12 posisi Tool turret: Revolver Sauter 12-posisi VDI 30 Chuck separuh hollow Tailstock Pergerakan pinol otomatis Kepala pinol: Mk 5 Konveyor serbuk Lengan pengukur Penyedot kabut oli Spesifikasi dapat berubah sewaktu-waktu.

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 1995, The machine is being sold for parts / as spare parts... CNC lathe manufacturer: GILDEMEISTER Model: CTX 600, year 1995 Forkardt chuck, 315 mm Tool turret Tailstock Lodpenximujfx Ac Heaf Steady rest Headstock Guideway covers and sheet metal panels Motors Machine is for sale in individual components... Please let us know which parts you need and we will provide you with an offer.

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2003, Maximum turning diameter: 246 mm Turning length: 600 mm Control: 840 D Powerline Siemens Swing diameter over bed: 400 mm Swing diameter over cross slide: 300 mm Distance between centers: 600 mm Main spindle speed range: up to 6,000 rpm Main spindle drive power: 16 kW Maximum torque: 155 Nm Spindle diameter at front bearing: 100 mm Spindle bore: 68.5 mm Spindle nose: 140H5 Counter spindle speed range: up to 4,000 rpm Counter spindle drive power: 7.5 kW Maximum torque: 48 Nm Spindle diameter at front bearing: 75 mm Spindle bore: 37 mm Spindle nose: 140H5 Number of tool stations: 12 positions Number of driven tool stations: 12 positions Driven tool speed range: up to 5,000 rpm Driven tool drive power: 3.7 kW Maximum torque (driven tools): 24 Nm Tool holder: VDI 30 Tool shank: 20 x 20 mm Lasdpjypv Tqofx Ac Hsf X-axis: 160 mm Z-axis: 450 mm Rapid traverse X: 60 m/min Rapid traverse Z: 45 m/min Feed force X: 2.5 kN Feed force Z: 4 kN Rapid traverse C: 200 rpm Maximum torque C: 155 Nm Total power requirement: 32 kVA Machine weight approx.: 3.8 t Space requirements approx.: 8.0 x 3.0 x 2.7 m CNC Turning and Milling Center GILDEMEISTER - CTX 320 linear V5 - Main and counter spindle - Driven tools - C axis - ShopTurn

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2004, Maximum turning diameter: 560 mm Turning length: 600 mm Control: Siemens 840D powerline Swing diameter over bed: 680 mm Swing diameter over cross slide: 565 mm Centre distance: 620 mm Speed range - main spindle: 20 - 5,000 rpm Drive power - main spindle: 25 / 37 kW Max. torque: 390 Nm Spindle nose: 170H5 Spindle bearing diameter: 120 mm Bar capacity diameter: 65 mm Max. chuck diameter: 250 mm C-axis: 0.025° / 360° Speed range - sub spindle: 20 - 7,000 rpm Drive power - sub spindle: 25 / 33 kW Max. torque: 213 Nm Spindle bearing diameter: 90 mm Spindle bore: 57 mm Spindle nose: 140H5 C-axis: 0.025° / 360° Number of tool stations: 12 positions Number of driven tool stations: 12 positions Speed range - driven tools: max. 4,500 rpm Drive power - driven tools: 12.2 kW Tool holder VDI 40 DIN 69880 Tool shank: 40 mm X-axis: 185 mm Y-axis: 80 mm Z-axis: 620 mm Rapid traverse X: 60 m/min Rapid traverse Y: 15 m/min Rapid traverse Z: 45 m/min Total power requirement: 50 kVA Machine weight approx. 7 t Space requirement approx. 6.0 x 3.0 x 2.5 m CNC turning and milling center GILDEMEISTER - CTX 420 linear V6 - Main and sub spindle Laedpfxjwmf Tpe Ac Hjf - Tool drive - C-axis / Y-axis - Partial hollow clamping device - ShopTurn user interface - incl. 2x driven tools - incl. 4x double tool holders - incl. 4x tool holders - incl. 83x tools

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2007, Swing diameter: 325 mm Turning length: 600 mm Control: Siemens Type: 840D Spindle speed: 5,000 rpm Drive power: 25 kW Total power requirement: 35 kW Machine weight approx.: 6.5 t Space requirement approx.: 3.5 x 2.5 x 2.1 m Tool speeds: 4,500 rpm Rapid traverse X-axis: 60 m/min Rapid traverse Z-axis: 45 m/min Machine equipped with Siemens 840D powerline with Shopturn - C and Y axes, driven tools - IRCO ILS-RBK bar loader - Coolant system with high-pressure coolant (IKZ) - Paper band filter - Partial hollow clamping system - Oil mist separator - Counter spindle - Parts catcher The technical data are provided by the manufacturer/operator and are therefore non-binding for us. Intermediate sale reserved; only our general terms and conditions of business and sale apply. About us - More than 400 own machines in stock - Over 15,000 m² storage area, crane capacity up to 70 t - More than 10,000 accessory items for your workshop If you wish to sell machines, production lines, or your entire business, Ledpfeyquwksx Ac Hoaf please contact us. Further offers can be found on our website. Viewings are possible by appointment. We look forward to your visit. Your Markus Hirsch Team

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2003, max. spindle speed 5,000 rpm Ljdpfx Acov Ehawo Hsaf Travel path - x: 160 mm Travel path - z: 450 mm Number of turret stations: 12 Tool holder: VDI 30 Control: Heidenhain iT Plus Dimensions (L x W x H): 4.5 x 2.5 x 2.5 m Machine weight: 3,700 kg Technical data: Main spindle: - Max. speed range: 6,000 rpm - Drive power: 16 kW - Max. torque: 155 Nm - Spindle nose: 140H5 Travels: - X-axis: 160 mm - Z-axis: 450 mm Rapid traverse rates: - X-axis rapid traverse: 60 m/min - Z-axis rapid traverse: 45 m/min - C-axis rapid traverse: 200 rpm Thrust force: - X-axis feed force: 2.5 kN - Z-axis feed force: 4.0 kN Tool turret: - Max. tool positions: 12 stations - Driven tool positions: 12 stations - Max. speed range of driven tools: 5,000 rpm - Drive power for driven tools: 10 kW - Tool holder: VDI 30 - Tool shank: 20 x 20 mm - Control: Heidenhain iT Plus - Hollow clamping cylinder: VNK 130/52 - Including C-axis and tool drive - Chip conveyor - Oil and emulsion mist separator with electrostatic filter

Kondisi: siap digunakan (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2004, jam operasional: 60.425 h, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, panjang pembubutan: 1.050 mm, diameter pembubutan: 465 mm, jarak pergerakan sumbu X: 300 mm, diameter luar chuck: 325 mm, model controller: Fanuk Series 21I-TB, DETAIL TEKNIS Panjang putar maks.: 1.050 mm Diameter putar di atas dudukan palet: 350 mm Diameter putar maks.: 465 mm Diameter cekam: 325 mm Pergerakan sumbu X: 300 mm Laedpsy Hg S Hofx Ac Hef Pergerakan sumbu Z: 1.050 mm Kecepatan putar maks.: 3.500 rpm Torsi maks.: 630 Nm Diameter bearing pada spindle: 120 mm Diameter batang maks.: 90 mm Jarak gerak tailstock: 850 mm Jarak gerak pin: 150 mm Gerak cepat sumbu X/Z: 30 m/menit Jumlah posisi penukar alat: 12 Tipe dudukan alat: VDI 40 DETAIL MESIN Kontrol: Fanuc Series 21I-TB Daya penggerak: 33 kW

Kondisi: siap digunakan (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2005, jam operasional: 19.229 h, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, nomor mesin/kendaraan: 8043943123C, panjang pembubutan: 1.050 mm, diameter pembubutan: 465 mm, jarak pergerakan sumbu X: 300 mm, jarak gerak sumbu Z: 1.050 mm, model controller: Siemens 840 D, RINCIAN TEKNIS Diameter pembubutan: 465 mm Panjang pembubutan: 1.050 mm Diameter saat pembubutan: 680 mm Diameter chuck: 325 mm Perjalanan sumbu X: 300 mm Perjalanan sumbu Z: 1.050 mm Kisaran kecepatan putar: 3.500 rpm Gerakan cepat X/Z: 30 m/menit RINCIAN MESIN Ljdpfx Aey D I Ttec Hoaf Kontrol: Siemens 840 D Jumlah posisi alat: 12 posisi Tipe dudukan alat: VDI 40 Berat: 7.500 kg Jam operasional Jam spindle: 19.229 jam Jam hidup: 81.347 jam Catatan: Mesin dapat diperlihatkan dalam kondisi teraliri listrik atas permintaan.

Kondisi: bekas, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, Perlengkapan: dokumentasi / manual, kecepatan rotasi dapat diubah tanpa batas, Mesin Bubut Gildemeister Warna: Merah Muda 3 Sumbu X, Z, C Tipe: CTX 400 Seri 2 CNC: Heidenhain Ledpfsy A Imqsx Ac Hsaf Dengan Konveyor Dengan Perkakas Bermotor Dengan Dokumentasi

Kondisi: sangat baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 1995, Perlengkapan: dokumentasi / manual, I have for sale a CNC LATHE GILDEMEISTER CTX400 TECHNICAL AND VISUAL CONDITION: Very Good Type: CNC Lathe Manufacturer: GILDEMEISTER Model: CTX400 Control: Heidenhain 1190 Country of origin: Germany Year of production: 1995 Machine specifications: - Turret: 12 tool stations for VDI-30 tool holders - Max. spindle speed: 5000 rpm Lajdsy Rbr Njpfx Ac Hef - Hydraulic tailstock - Finished part catcher - Max. turning diameter X-axis: 290 mm - Max. turning length Z-axis: 600 mm - Coolant system - 200 mm three-jaw hydraulic chuck - Spindle bore: Ø66 mm - Bar capacity spindle - Chip conveyor - Complete programming manual - Mechanical and electrical documentation - Machine weight: 5.5 tons - Loading onto truck included in the price The machine has undergone a full inspection. Fully operational. Connected and ready to work. Stal-Com has been selling, servicing, and training on DMG group CNC machines for 17 years. We are specialists in all Gildemeister lathe models and Deckel Maho machining centers. All machines receive a careful technical inspection. Our machines are purchased not only by customers in Poland, but also throughout Europe and parts of Asia. Each machine can be inspected under power as we also provide machining services. After purchasing a machine from us, we provide staff training and can set up part production at the customer’s facility. We cooperate with many companies on a regular basis, supplying additional machine tools as needed.

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2007, die-maschine-befindet-sich-in-sehr-gutem-zustand-promot-belade-u nd-entladestation-im-lieferumfang-ausgeschlossen-div-werkzeug-zub ehoer-von-maschine-vorhanden-technische-daten-von-maschine-siehe- letzte-zwei-bilder Lodoxf Iamspfx Ac Hoaf

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2003, Main spindle: Speed range – main spindle: max. 6,000 rpm Drive power – main spindle: 16 kW Max. torque: 155 Nm C-axis: 360° Turret: Number of tool stations: 12 pos. Number of driven tool stations: 12 pos. Speed range – driven tools: max. 5,000 rpm Lajdpfxjv Drigj Ac Hef Drive power – driven tools: 10 kW Tool holder: (VDI 30) Tool shank: 20 x 20 mm Travel distances: X-axis: 160 mm Z-axis: 450 mm Rapid traverse: Rapid traverse X: 60 m/min Rapid traverse Z: 45 m/min Feed force X: 2.5 kN Feed force Z: 4 kN Rapid traverse C: 200 rpm Max. torque C: 155 Nm Total power requirement Machine weight approx.: 3.7 t Space requirements approx.: 4.5 x 2.5 x 2.5 m Control: Heidenhain Hollow clamping cylinder C-axis and tool drive Chip conveyor Oil and emulsion mist extractor with electrostatic filter

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2007, Technical Details: Turning diameter: 325 mm Turning length: 600 mm Total power requirement: 35 kW Spindle motor: 25 kW Spindle speeds: 5,000 rpm Tool speeds: 4,500 rpm Rapid traverse X-axis: 60 m/min Various tool holders: VDI 40 Rapid traverse Z-axis: 45 m/min Machine weight approx.: 6.5 t Footprint approx.: 3.5 x 2.5 x 2.1 m Machine equipped with Siemens 840 D with Shopturn - C and Y axis, driven tools - IRCO ILS-RBK bar feeder - Coolant system with high-pressure coolant (IKZ) - Partial hollow clamping device - Oil mist separator Laodpovgb Epefx Ac Hsf - Counter spindle - Parts catcher

Kondisi: perlu perbaikan (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2011, jam operasional: 8.545 h, Fungsionalitas: tidak berfungsi, panjang pembubutan: 310 mm, kecepatan spindel (maks.): 6.000 rpm, jarak pergerakan sumbu X: 190 mm, jarak lintasan sumbu Y: 80 mm, jarak gerak sumbu Z: 370 mm, diameter pemasangan: 30 mm, machine condition: non-functional. The machine has an unknown malfunction in the turret, therefore referencing and axis movements are not possible. The machine requires repair. TECHNICAL DETAILS Turning length: 310 mm Swing diameter over bed: 500 mm Swing diameter over cross slide: 290 mm Distance between centers: 500 mm X-axis travel: 190 mm Z-axis travel: Z1: 335 / Z3: 370 mm Y-axis travel: 80 mm Control: Heidenhain CNC Pilot 4290 Spindle speed: 6,000 rpm Spindle bore: 73 mm Bar capacity: 50 mm Main spindle torque: 95 Nm at 100%, 127 Nm at 40% Tool turret - number of stations: 12 Tool holder: VDI 30 mm Rapid traverse X + Z axes: 30 m/min MACHINE DETAILS Total power requirement: 20 kVA Dimensions of chip conveyor (LxWxH): 3.2 x 0.45 x 1.5 m Operating hours power-on: 36,443 h Operating hours spindle: 8,545 h Interface: yes EQUIPMENT Lsdpfow T Srdex Ac Heaf - 3-jaw chuck 160 mm with matching flange - 2 sets of spare jaws - Turret head for 12 tools with driven tooling - Disc turret Sauter (C-axis = 300 rpm) - Chip conveyor 450 K-1/250; year of manufacture: 2000 - Manual chuck installed - no hydraulic chuck - Electrical cabinet with Rittal cooling

Kondisi: siap digunakan (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2003, jam operasional: 5.137 h, kecepatan spindel (maks.): 6.000 rpm, jarak pergerakan sumbu X: 202 mm, jarak gerak sumbu Z: 450 mm, daya motor spindle: 12.000 W, tinggi total: 1.730 mm, lebar total: 1.563 mm, berat keseluruhan: 3.500 kg, produsen pengendali: SIEMENS, model controller: Sinumerik 840D powerline, panjang produk (maks.): 4.000 mm, jumlah sumbu: 3, en Lodpjympcaofx Ac Hjaf

Kondisi: sangat baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2002, Pusat pembubutan dan milling CNC GILDEMEISTER TWIN 500 Linear Tahun produksi: 2002 Kontrol Siemens Data teknis: Diameter ayun: 610 mm Diameter pembubutan: 610 mm Panjang pembubutan: 1870 mm Daya penggerak: 69 kW Kecepatan putar: 3200 min-1 Torsi poros C: 650 Nm Spindel utama kiri Ledpfx Acow Tarfe Heaf Diameter chuck: 250-500 mm Diameter batang maks.: 102 mm Slider atas Kecepatan rapid traverse X/Y/Z: 45/24/70 m/menit Lintasan slider X1/Y: 1605/105 mm Spindel bubut/milling HSK 63A Kecepatan spindel maks.: 12.000 rpm Sumbu B Rentang ayun B1: 120° Resolusi: 0,001° Majalah alat Jumlah alat: 40 Panjang alat / jumlah maks.: 350/40 mm

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2004, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, nomor mesin/kendaraan: 8038938456C, panjang pembubutan: 450 mm, diameter putar di atas sled silang: 505 mm, diameter pembubutan: 202 mm, daya motor spindle: 10.000 W, kecepatan spindel (maks.): 6.000 rpm, lubang spindel: 51 mm, Gildemeister CTX 310 Lasdewk E Uzopfx Ac Hof Heidenhain Turn+ Mesin ini berfungsi penuh, namun memiliki beberapa masalah kecil.

Kondisi: siap digunakan (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2003, jam operasional: 11.600 h, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, lubang spindel: 107 mm, kecepatan spindel (maks.): 4.000 rpm, berat keseluruhan: 10.000 kg, model controller: Siemens 810D, Perlengkapan: konveyor serpihan, en Laodpfx Acjymn Ibs Hof

Kondisi: siap digunakan (bekas), jam operasional: 31.819 h, diameter putar di atas sled silang: 290 mm, panjang pembubutan: 600 mm, jarak pergerakan sumbu X: 210 mm, jarak gerak sumbu Z: 645 mm, kecepatan rotasi (maks.): 5.000 rpm, • CNC lathe with EPL 2 control, equipped with a rotary magnet. It was last used for precision contour turning of hardened components. (without chuck, tailstock, and chip conveyor) Technical Data Ledpfx Aoqcu Uvec Hoaf Swing diameter over bed: 300 mm Swing diameter over cross slide: 290 mm X-axis travel: 210 mm Z-axis travel: 645 mm Spindle speed range: 25 – 5,000 rpm Tool turret: universal disc turret Tool stations: 12 Tool holder: 30 mm (DIN 69880)

Kondisi: siap digunakan (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 1995, Manufacturer: GILDEMEISTER Model: NEF Plus 500 Ljdpetpn S Iefx Ac Hsaf Year of manufacture: 1995 Control system: Grundig Approx. machine weight: 2,650 kg Speed range: 8 – 2,800 rpm Turning diameter: 500 mm Turning length: 1,000 mm Approx. space requirement: 2,500 x 1,750 x 1,850 mm Spindle bore: 70 mm

Kondisi: siap digunakan (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2005, jam operasional: 21.600 h, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, nomor mesin/kendaraan: 80439430900, diameter putar di atas sled silang: 465 mm, diameter pembubutan: 680 mm, kecepatan spindel (maks.): 3.500 rpm, jarak pergerakan sumbu X: 300 mm, jarak gerak sumbu Z: 1.050 mm, jarak antara pusat: 1.150 mm, DETAIL TEKNIS Kecepatan poros utama maks.: 3.500 rpm Jarak antara senter: 1.150 mm Tinggi senter: 360 mm Perjalanan sumbu Z: 1.050 mm Perjalanan sumbu X: 300 mm Lasdpfsyw H E Uex Ac Hef Diameter pembubutan di atas ranjang mesin: 680 mm Diameter pembubutan di atas eretan: 465 mm Rapid traverse sumbu Z: 30 m/menit Rapid traverse sumbu X: 30 m/menit Resolusi sistem pengukuran sumbu linier X dan Z: 0,001 mm Bobot maksimum benda kerja antara senter: 350 kg Kepala senter: MK 5 DETAIL MESIN Tegangan operasi: 400 V Frekuensi: 50 Hz Arus operasi: 80 A Berat mesin: 7.500 kg PERLENGKAPAN Chuck daya Röhm (Röhm Duro-NC 260/3) Holder alat

Kondisi: sangat baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 1993, jam operasional: 2.859 h, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, panjang pembubutan: 600 mm, diameter pembubutan: 290 mm, Mesin Bubut Universal – GILDEMEISTER CTX Tahun pembuatan: 1993 Jam operasi: 2.859 jam • Pemegang alat revolver 12 stasiun • Kecepatan spindle maksimum: 5.000 rpm • Diameter putar maksimum (sumbu X): 290 mm • Panjang putar maksimum (sumbu Z): 600 mm • Chuck hidraulis 3-jaw, Ø 200 mm • Lubang spindle: Ø 66 mm • Termasuk konveyor serbuk Laodsyxgi Nspfx Ac Hjf Mesin dalam kondisi sangat baik dan sebelumnya digunakan di lembaga pelatihan teknis.