Beli S&F Gmbh Ath 300 bekas (113.600)

Kondisi: diremajakan ulang (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2014, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, 6-station inserter with gripper Complete overhaul in 2024 PLC controlled Color touch panel for user guidance Any type of reading system can be integrated Gbodpfx Asdygvqjm Son

Kondisi: diremajakan ulang (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2009, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, 6-station gripper machine, overhauled in 2024 completely new PLC machine control system (no Pitney control unit) operation via color touch panel electronic gripper controls program expandable at any time and customizable according to customer requirements various reading systems can be integrated roll ejector with programmable divert bin Gbodpfxedyk Sao Am Sen 1-year warranty

Kondisi: diremajakan ulang (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2014, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, 6SGK-2026 Gbodpfxshl H Iro Am Sen

Kondisi: bekas,

Kondisi: baru, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, jenis aktuasi: listrik, Diameter pipa (maks.): 35 mm, Ketebalan dinding tabung (maks.): 2 mm, Sudut pembengkokan (maks.): 360 °, radius pembengkokan (maks.): 150 mm, radius tekuk (min.): 32 mm, berat keseluruhan: 28 kg, masa garansi: 12 bulan, Perlengkapan: Penandaan CE, henti darurat, kendali jauh kaki, THE HIGH-PERFORMANCE MOBILE BENDING MACHINE: The compact, mobile design enables precise and repeatable bending both in the workshop and directly on-site, for tube diameters up to 35 mm, CU 42 mm. A powerful three-phase motor and precision gearbox ensure strong drive performance. The motor speed is automatically adjusted, allowing for faster reverse operation and reduced cycle times. Position detection directly on the bending axis delivers optimal bending accuracy and excellent repeatability. The bending angle can easily and quickly be set to 0.5° using push buttons. The large LCD display clearly shows the angles. Up to three bending angles can be saved, allowing efficient bending of tubes with varying requirements. For transport, the compact unit and accessories can be safely and neatly stored in sturdy transport cases. The “stationary tube, rotating tool” principle minimizes space requirements during bending. When working with thin-walled tubes, sliding shoes are used to ensure wrinkle-free bending and to create curves with minimal deformation in, for example, stainless steel and copper tubes. With the PB20 profile bending attachment, flat, square, and round bars can also be bent with ease. POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS: • Hydraulic tubing • Prototype construction • Plumbing and heating installation • Technical data: • Bending capacity Ø 6 to 35 mm, CU Ø 42 mm depending on material • Bending radius min/max: 36 mm/150 mm • Precise digital bending angle adjustment 0.5° • Maximum 180° bending result; for special applications, continuous operation possible • 40 mm hexagonal shaft for rapid tool change • Safety foot switch with emergency stop function • 230 V AC connection • Weight 29 kg • Frequency converter and three-phase motor • 3 storable bending angles OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES: • Sliding shoe holder • Double roller mount • PB20 profile bender – for bending flat and square bars up to max. 80 x 8 mm, round bars up to max. 20 mm • Tripod base • Machine case • Tool case Godpfxonfvx Ns Am Ssbn • Small bending device KBV • Special tools on request OUR SERVICE: • Welcome to test production on-site in our demonstration area • Consultation and information meetings at your premises • Leasing/financing options available via JUTEC • Trade-in of your current machine • Service contracts and on-site maintenance available

Kondisi: baru, berat kosong: 9.600 kg, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, de-to-hu-it-lt-lv-nb-nl-pl Gbsdpfx Aoymza Dem Son

Tahun pembuatan: 2025, Kondisi: baru, Universal testing machine PM50 Gjdpfx Amjydazuo Ssbn Force: 50 kN Crosshead travel: 1200 mm Test area: 400 mm Overall height: 1817 mm Weight: approx. 380 kg Displacement resolution: 0.01 mm Test speed: 0.03–1000 mm/min Return speed: 1000 mm/min Load cell: 50 kN Including evaluation electronics and basic software. Our testing machines can be operated in stand-alone mode via a numeric keypad, allowing for "quick testing" without the need for a PC. For tests requiring data storage and curve tracing, the basic software enables both control and evaluation. This allows you to create various test sequences and generate a test report. Additionally, you can further process the raw data in your own programs. Optional: - Delivery & commissioning - DAkkS or in-house calibration according to DIN EN ISO 7500-1 - Grips and fixtures: Compression plates, bending fixtures, shear fixtures, wedge grips, scissor grips, peeling grips, screw grips, pneumatic grips, and hydraulic grips.

Tahun pembuatan: 2025, Kondisi: baru, Universal testing machine PM50 Force: 50 kN Crosshead travel: 1200 mm Test area: 400 mm Overall height: 1817 mm Gjded R Dp Eopfx Am Sebn Weight: approx. 380 kg Displacement resolution: 0.01 mm Test speed: 0.03–1000 mm/min Return speed: 1000 mm/min Load cell: 50 kN Including evaluation electronics and basic software. Our testing machines can be operated in stand-alone mode via a numeric keypad, allowing for "quick testing" without the need for a PC. For tests requiring data storage and curve tracing, the basic software enables both control and evaluation. This allows you to create various test sequences and generate a test report. Additionally, you can further process the raw data in your own programs. Optional: - Delivery & commissioning - DAkkS or in-house calibration according to DIN EN ISO 7500-1 - Grips and fixtures: Compression plates, bending fixtures, shear fixtures, wedge grips, scissor grips, peeling grips, screw grips, pneumatic grips, and hydraulic grips.

Kondisi: baru, Eurotec Innovation TV25-M – Mobile Vibratory Finishing System / Trough Vibrator (Made in Germany) The TV25-M from Eurotec Innovation is a compact, mobile all-in-one solution for professional vibratory finishing – ideal for deburring, grinding, and polishing a wide range of workpieces. Thanks to its well-designed system configuration, all necessary components are space-efficiently integrated on a mobile cart. This makes the unit highly versatile and immediately ready for operation. Type: TV25-M TROUGH VIBRATOR Manufacturer: Eurotec Innovation GmbH Gross Volume: 50 liters Advantages: ✔ Mobile turnkey system – all components integrated on one mobile cart ✔ Plug & Play – simply connect to 230V and start ✔ Integrated process water treatment (cascade system) Godehmp Dqepfx Am Sobn ✔ Sieve box for automatic separation of workpieces and media ✔ Sound-insulated design for quiet operation ✔ Programmable control unit with timer and frequency adjustment The U-shaped trough design allows for processing larger and elongated workpieces while maintaining a compact footprint. ⚙️ Technical Data: Gross volume: approx. 50 liters Usable volume: approx. 36 liters Internal dimensions of processing container: Length: 600 mm Width: approx. 275 mm Height: 325 mm Power supply: 230V Output: approx. 0.5–1.0 kW 🏭 Fields of Application: Deburring of metal and plastic parts Polishing and surface finishing Processing of single parts up to small batches Ideal for industry, workshops, and contract manufacturers Ideal application areas: Metalworking Deburring & Polishing Workshops & Production The TV25-M is the perfect solution for businesses seeking a flexible, space-saving, and immediately-ready vibratory finishing system – offering maximum efficiency with minimal space requirements. Additional versions and special configurations available upon request. From development to production, we supply all products from a single source – all "Made in Germany". ----- Simply contact us – we’re happy to advise you without obligation. ----- The European Commission provides an online dispute resolution (ODR) platform for out-of-court settlements. This offer serves solely as an online presentation of our products. Contract negotiations are conducted via telecommunications (email, fax, phone, messaging portal), during which we first provide you with a non-binding quotation, also informing you of our general terms and conditions and your right of withdrawal (including legal disclosure) before any purchase or contract is concluded.

Kondisi: siap digunakan (bekas), Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, jenis arus masuk: tiga fasa, laju aliran volumetrik: 90 m³/jam, lebar total: 2.950 mm, panjang total: 3.800 mm, tinggi total: 2.300 mm, konsumsi energi: 1 kWh, Innovative band filter technology for maximum process reliability Gjdpjy Evxyofx Am Sjbn The RESY KBF compact band filter system is a pioneering advancement in the field of automatic band filter systems. A key advantage: There is no relative movement between the conveyor belt, filter fleece, disc wheels, and sludge carriers. As a result, the filter fleece remains undamaged, even with large volumes of chips or particulate contaminants. Compared to conventional flatbed filters, the compact band filter offers: - Up to 80% less required installation space - Higher degree of filtration purity - Consistent filtration performance - Reduced maintenance intervals - Maximum process stability Operating principle of the compact band filter A robust, endless steel link belt is guided in a half-shell form over two rotating disc wheels and driven by a geared motor. The filter fleece is positioned between the belt and the wheels. The contaminated medium is introduced via a central inlet pipe directly into the fully sealed filtration tank. In the calm zone, solid particles settle out and form a filter cake. This filter cake acts as an additional natural filter layer and continuously improves separation efficiency. As contamination increases, the fluid level rises—depending on the design, up to 500 mm. Upon reaching a preset maximum level, the system automatically advances fresh filter fleece without interrupting the filtration process. At the same time, the following are reliably discharged: - Used fleece - Sludge - Chips - Coarse particles An integrated sensor continuously monitors the diameter of the fleece roll and indicates in good time when a roll change is necessary. The entire filtration process is fully automatic and energy efficient. Customized design for your application Actual filtration performance depends on various process parameters, including: - Throughput rate - Medium (e.g., emulsion, oil, process water) - Inlet concentration - Required filtration fineness - Particle size and material characteristics The design of the compact band filter is tailored specifically to your technical requirements. Typical areas of application - Metalworking - Grinding processes - Turning and milling operations - Coolant treatment - Process water purification - Chip and sludge filtration

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 1994, Unit sortir dan pengangkut mekanis Gbjdpswtnl Uefx Am Son

Kondisi: hampir baru (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2022, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, Perangkat dapat dilihat di lokasi – harap buat janji terlebih dahulu. Gsdpfjy Atqnjx Am Sjbn

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, berat keseluruhan: 3.900 kg, jenis bahan bakar: diesel, kapasitas tangki: 600 l, warna: merah tua, daya: 2.000 kW (2.719,24 hp), arus keluaran: 360 A, tegangan keluaran: 400 V, frekuensi keluaran: 50 Hz, jenis arus keluaran: tiga fasa, daya nominal: 200 kW (271,92 hp), daya nominal (semu): 250 kVA, daya kontinu: 200 kW (271,92 hp), daya semu kontinu: 250 kVA, panjang total: 4.000 mm, lebar total: 1.450 mm, tinggi total: 2.300 mm, kecepatan rotasi (maks.): 1.500 rpm, produsen motor: Perkins, jenis pendinginan: air, Diesel generator set 250 kVA Generator type: P250SSF Condition: New, 2026 Engine: Perkins 1206A-E70TAG2 Alternator: Leroy Somer LSA 46.3 M7 Rated power (Standby/ESP): 275 kVA / 220 kW Rated power (Prime/PRP): 250 kVA / 200 kW Rated power (Continuous/COP): 200 kVA / 160 kW Rated voltage: 230/400 V Rated frequency: 50 Hz Control voltage: 12VDC Speed regulation: electric Voltage regulation: electronic (AVR) Sound-insulated, weatherproof Earthing system: TN-C Includes control panel Includes batteries (2 x 110Ah) Includes integrated fuel tank (600 L) Includes integrated bund for fuel and engine fluids Includes power circuit breaker (ABB, 4-pole) Includes documentation/manual Includes wiring diagram Warranty: 12 months or 2,000 operating hours, whichever comes first. You can configure your generator individually with us and order a wide range of custom options: - Socket package 16A - 125A with residual current circuit breaker (all-current sensitive) - Remote control - Insulation monitoring - Enhanced sound insulation (down to 65 dB/ 7m possible) - Fully automatic standby power switching unit with automatic mains-generator transfer available on request - Mains parallel operation with load sharing and peak load management (ComAP IG 1000 controller, VDE 4510 certified) - CHP variant - Emergency power system (NEA) for indoor installation with air ducts, ventilation, etc. Manufactured in Germany / Made in Germany Nationwide delivery available at extra charge. Gsdjfxlddopfx Am Sjbn Contact us by e-mail or call us, we will be happy to advise you and provide a non-binding offer.

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2016, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, nomor mesin/kendaraan: 16501575, laju aliran volumetrik: 4.800 m³/jam, tegangan masuk: 380 V, daya: 2,5 kW (3,40 hp), Perlengkapan: Pelat tipe tersedia, The resulting dirt particles, emulsion and oil mist, as well as fumes, are captured directly at the source and conducted through the individual filtration stages. The separated liquid collects at the bottom of the unit and can be returned to the machining center via a siphon. In the first filtration stage, larger particles are retained by an aluminum pre-filter to protect the downstream high-performance fleece filters. The second filtration stage removes the majority of fine emulsion and oil mist. This filtration stage consists of an aluminum frame equipped with a filter mat type G4 and a filter mat type F5 according to DIN 24185 / EN 779. The filter mats must be replaced depending on the level of contamination. The third filtration stage consists of a large-area particulate air filter of class H13. A consistently high efficiency of 99.95% for particle sizes from 0.3μ DOP is ensured here. Type testing according to DIN EN 1822-1 H13 permits the recirculation of the filtered air back into the workspace. Gbsdpfxsyz Sn Nj Am Sen

Kondisi: baik (bekas), For sale is a guide beam agitator (Leitstrahlrührwerk) from Stelzer Rührwerke International GmbH, model SM460-DF. Product details: - 1455 RPM - 400V - 18.5 kW - Shaft length: 720 mm - Impeller diameter: 280 mm Gbedsfr Icuepfx Am Sjn For further details, please refer to the nameplate (see photo).

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2025, Persiapan Media Peledakan 1x Lubang Pembersih 1x Elevator Ember 1x Separator Angin 1x Ayakan Getar Listrik 1x Bunker Media Peledakan 1x Mesin Peledak Tekanan 200l 1x Selang peledak, nosel peledak, saklar darurat (Deadman), kabel kontrol 1x Lemari Kontrol Aksesori opsional: - Sekrup transportasi melintang sepanjang lebar ruang sandblasting (juga dapat digunakan sebagai silo cadangan tambahan untuk proses peledakan berjam-jam) - Ekspansi untuk 2 media peledakan: ferit dan mineral - Drum separator magnetik - Tahap demagnetisasi akhir Gbodjw Ivvcjpfx Am Ssn - Laci magnet

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Gerobak sandblasting 5t penggerak baterai untuk instalasi sandblasting - Kapasitas muat 5t - Untuk sistem rel - Penggerak baterai Gbedpfeyyxidsx Am Ssn - Remote control - Ukuran: P = 3000 mm, L = 1000 mm - Area untuk pemasangan dudukan benda kerja

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, Gerobak sandblasting manual untuk instalasi sandblasting, kapasitas muatan 5 ton - P= 3000 mm, L= 1500 mm, T= 500 mm - Kapasitas beban: 5 ton - Gerobak sandblasting dengan roda flens untuk rel di ruang sandblasting - Profil berdiri tegak agar media blasting dapat mengalir - Telinga tarikan untuk forklift - Meja putar tersedia sebagai opsi Gjdpfx Ameyyxa Ne Sobn

Kondisi: diremajakan ulang (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2019, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, masa garansi: 18 bulan, tegangan masuk: 240 V, rentang pengukuran sumbu X: 250 mm, rentang pengukuran sumbu Z: 320 mm, berat keseluruhan: 100 kg, panjang pemakanan sumbu X: 250 mm, panjang umpan sumbu Z: 320 mm, Perlengkapan: Pelat tipe tersedia, - Leasing options available!!! - Modular, expandable base contour measurement system with Z-axis measurement (downward direction) Optionally expandable via software updates: - Up/Down measurement direction switching - Roughness measurement - Motorized Y-axis support table - QR code scanner (for stylus arms and reference parts) - Data export to QS-Stat (dfq data) - Dominant waviness analysis - Free commissioning and training within a 150 km radius - - Free software updates for contour software Scope of delivery: - Complete mechanics including Y-axis adjustment table (travel: 17 mm) - Integrated controller - PC W11/64Bit; 24" TFT flat screen - ConturoMatic software; operating manual - Dust cover, heavy-duty, water-repellent Godpfx Asxgqlhjm Ssbn Technical data: Measuring range X: 250 mm Measuring range Z: 320 mm Resolution: 1 nm Measuring systems: optical incremental System accuracy: +/- (0.9 µm + L/100) µm* [L = mm] Measuring force regulation Measuring speed: 0.1–3.0 mm/s, auto-optimizing Positioning speed: up to 25 mm/s Table load capacity: 35 kg Precision guideway on hard stone base Weight: 95 kg - 18 months warranty from date of delivery -

Kondisi: bekas, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, Mesin pengisi dan penutup botol bekas Holdefleiss tipe 12/3. Mesin ini dipersiapkan untuk botol 0,5l Euro dan 0,33l Long-Neck, termasuk HDE. Mesin ini tanpa sistem prapengosongan, dengan katup pengisian tabung panjang. Katup pengisian akan diganti seal-nya dengan yang baru. Uji kebocoran dan uji tekanan akan dilakukan. Gbedpoyycudofx Am Son

Tahun pembuatan: 2025, jam operasional: 15 h, Kondisi: hampir baru (bekas), Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, arus masuk: 230 A, nomor mesin/kendaraan: 202505, Absolutely as new! Demonstration unit (Price incl. 19% VAT) - Speed oven with non-stick cooking chamber - Suitable for cooking and heating food - TRIAC control for precise power regulation - Integrated exhaust control from the cooking chamber Scope of delivery - Starter accessory set consisting of: - 1 × pan, rectangular, smooth, 260 × 260 mm - 1 × round snack pan, Ø 190 mm - 1 × round snack pan, Ø 250 mm - 1 × tong for 50 small dishes - 1 × turner, 360 mm - 1 × silicone tong, 260 mm - Power cable Housing & Design - Color: Red / Stainless Steel Technical Data Gbodpfxoyxy R Tj Am Sen - Dimensions (H × W × D): 420 × 540 × 500 mm - Power: 3,000 W - Weight: 29.5 kg - Connection: 230 V / 50 Hz / 16 A The speed oven is a compact high-performance oven designed for professional gastronomy. It is suitable for rapid cooking, baking, and heating of various dishes and has been developed for efficient workflows at high power levels. The speed oven features a non-stick cooking chamber coating and an integrated exhaust control system. Thanks to the TRIAC control, the unit enables precise handling and consistent power management. Low-odor cooking with roasting properties, without fats and oils ... Functionality - Speed oven with non-stick cooking chamber - Suitable for cooking and heating food - TRIAC control for precise power regulation - Integrated exhaust control from the cooking chamber Extensive accessories, such as steak contact plate.... (Source: Website Reamotion Delmenhorst)

Tahun pembuatan: 2025, Kondisi: baru, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, nomor mesin/kendaraan: LAS 23 mit integrierter Absaugung, The LAS 23 portable is a compact and mobile fiber laser designed for flexible direct marking of a wide variety of workpieces directly at the place of use. Thanks to its rollable base frame, the system can be deployed independent of location and can be easily moved to hard-to-reach or large-volume workpieces. This makes it especially suitable for applications where a stationary laser cell is not practical. The modular design with customized attachments allows for rapid and tool-free adaptation to different workpiece geometries. The quick-change system enables fast replacement of attachments—ideal for varying marking tasks in production and maintenance. The integrated laser software supports the creation of texts, serial numbers, 2D codes (e.g., DataMatrix, QR codes), and graphic elements (e.g., logos) via a user-friendly interface, which can be operated without programming knowledge. Serial and article numbers can be incremented automatically. In addition, there is the option to import variable data—such as drawing numbers or project identifiers—from external tables (e.g., CSV/Excel files) and automatically integrate them into the marking template. Optionally, a handheld scanner can be connected for fast data acquisition, reducing manual input and increasing process reliability. Made in Germany • 20W fiber laser (optionally 30W, 50W) • Laser class 1 • CE-compliant according to EU directives • Wavelength: 1064nm Gbsdpevyc Rmofx Am Sen • Marking field size: 70x70mm (optional: 110x110mm) • Signal light on handpiece to indicate operating status • Marking software EZCAD (other software options on request) • 230V mains connection • Air-cooled • Laptop with Windows operating system • Dimensions: 350 x 605 x 1080mm (LxWxH) • Weight: approx. 40 kg • Weight of the portable laser unit: 2.8 kg • Fiber optic cable: approx. 2.50 m • Integrated extraction system

Kondisi: baru, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, Pengisi daya Kondisi: Unit baru Gedpfx Aoywpmbsm Sjbn Kondisi teknis: Baru Deskripsi: Pengisi daya frekuensi tinggi tersedia dalam kapasitas berikut: 24V 30A, 24V 25A, 24V 20A, 24V 15A, 24V 10A. Untuk pertanyaan lebih lanjut silakan hubungi kami. Selain model ini, kami memiliki sekitar 150 unit kendaraan material handling lainnya di stok. Kunjungi situs web kami fleischmann-foerdertechnik. Kami juga dengan senang hati membahas penawaran leasing & pembiayaan serta pengiriman dengan syarat yang kompetitif. Penawaran tukar tambah unit merek Linde juga memungkinkan—bahkan jika Anda tidak membeli unit dari kami. Jam operasional yang tercantum dibaca pada tanggal pemasangan. Penjualan, perubahan, dan kesalahan sebelumnya diperhitungkan.

Tahun pembuatan: 2015, Kondisi: baik (bekas), Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, nomor mesin/kendaraan: A-150016, AUTOMATED ADHESIVE APPLICATION MACHINE, GANTRY SYSTEMS, AND AUTOMATED INSERTING UNIT FOR METAL SHEET REINFORCEMENTS This system is part of a larger production line; please refer to our other listings for more details. The offered equipment includes 3 staging areas for cover layers, an automated adhesive application machine for sandwich panel bonding, a conveyor belt for manual assembly of inlays/ribs, gantry systems for handling the cover layers, and an automated inserting unit for metal sheet inlays/reinforcement points. COMPONENT DIMENSIONS (from previous production): L/W min: 2000mm x 1500mm L/W max: 8000mm x 2500mm H min: 12mm H max: 60mm MATERIALS (from previous production): GRP, Sheet metal, Plywood, Timber/PU battens, PVC, Styrofoam ADHESIVE GANTRY FOR CONTOUR & SURFACE BONDING (of cover layers & inlays): Number of area needle valves: 104 Number of contour needle valves: 1 Adhesive system: 1K-PUR Number of nozzles in water spray unit: 8 AUXILIARY UNITS: Gbodpeyt Nm Ssfx Am Son Climate-controlled cabin (for storage of 1K-PUR adhesive) Vacuum pump for gantry systems Punching unit

Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Kondisi: baru, Flow-through pasteurizer, electric, with preheating of juice in a coaxial tube heat exchanger You utilize existing cost-effective energy sources (e.g. solar, heat pump, biogas, etc.), even when the temperature level is insufficient for pasteurization. The remaining increase to pasteurization temperature is achieved electrically (with reduced energy consumption). Components: Preheating: * Coaxial tube heat exchanger (CTHE) with thermal insulation (max. 60kW) thermal output * Mixing unit including circulation pump for stable inlet temperature of the heating water Electric flow-through pasteurizer: * Electric heater 13.5 / 18 / 27 / 31.5 kW – 400 V Gbedpjuadm Djfx Am Ssn * Tank (stainless steel), 150 liters, insulated, with stainless steel tube heat exchanger * Automatic low-temperature cutoff (compressed air required) * Juice pump, stainless steel Pasteur mounted on chassis Easy operation Total output up to 1,100 liters per hour ##### RINK – Pasteurization systems for over 30 years Proven technology – more than 500 units in customer operation