Beli Sikat Pembersih Panel Surya bekas (19.271)

Kondisi: bekas, jarak tempuh: 203.842 km, daya: 88 kW (119,65 hp), pendaftaran pertama: 05/2016, jenis bahan bakar: diesel, jarak roda: 3.670 mm, bahan bakar: diesel, kapasitas tangki bahan bakar: 75 l, warna: putih, kabin pengemudi: kabin harian, tipe perpindahan gigi: mekanis, jumlah gigi: 6, kelas emisi: Euro 5, jumlah tempat duduk: 3, panjang total: 5.930 mm, lebar total: 1.990 mm, beban gandar yang diizinkan (gandar 1): 1.850 kg, beban gandar yang diizinkan (gandar 2): 2.300 kg, Tahun pembuatan: 2016, Perlengkapan: ABS, Android Auto, Bluetooth, kantung udara, kendali jelajah, kontrol traksi, kopling trailer, kunci sentral, lampu kabut, pemanas jok, pengaturan jendela elektrik, program stabilitas elektronik (ESP), spion elektrik,

Kondisi: baru, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, jenis bahan bakar: diesel, konfigurasi gandar: 4x2, jarak roda: 3.520 mm, bahan bakar: diesel, warna: abu-abu, kabin pengemudi: kabin harian, tipe perpindahan gigi: otomatis, kelas emisi: Euro 6e, suspensi: pegas daun parabola (per), jumlah tempat duduk: 3, tinggi total: 1.900 mm, volume ruang muat: 12 m³, panjang ruang muatan: 3.630 mm, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Perlengkapan: ABS, Android Auto, Apple CarPlay, EBS (Sistem Rem Elektronik), asisten tetap jalur, kantung udara, kemudi berkuasa, kendali jelajah, kendaraan non-rokok, kontrol traksi, pemantauan tekanan ban, pendaftaran mobil, pendingin udara, program stabilitas elektronik (ESP), sistem navigasi,

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2004, nomor mesin/kendaraan: 0-240-14-3077, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, daya: 18 kW (24,47 hp), tegangan masuk: 400 V, arus masuk: 52 A, frekuensi input: 50 Hz, jenis arus masuk: AC (pendingin udara), ketinggian potong (maks.): 125 mm, lebar pemotongan (maks.): 4.300 mm, diameter mata gergaji: 450 mm, jenis penyesuaian ketinggian: listrik, lubang pisau gergaji: 60 mm, jenis aktuasi: listrik, kecepatan rotasi (maks.): 4.500 rpm, kecepatan rotasi (min.): 3.800 rpm, panjang total: 10.216 mm, lebar total: 7.470 mm, tinggi total: 2.200 mm, berat keseluruhan: 15.000 kg, tinggi meja: 1.020 mm, Perlengkapan: Penandaan CE, doser, pelindung bilah gergaji, Dijual mesin panel saw industri profesional dari produsen premium HOLZMA, seri performa tinggi 510. Mesin ini diproduksi di Jerman (“Made in Germany”) dan dirancang khusus untuk pemotongan volume tinggi lembaran besar dengan tepi bersih dan presisi dalam operasi industri multi-shift. Sebagai varian HPL, sistem ini dilengkapi material feeding otomatis penuh dari belakang melalui lift meja berat, yang meminimalkan waktu siklus dan memaksimalkan ergonomi operator. Spesifikasi Teknis (HPL 510/43/22/L/D/X) Produsen: HOLZMA Maschinenbau GmbH Model detail: HPL 510 / 43 / 22 / L / D / X Panjang potong (Kode 43): maks. 4.300 mm Lebar meja angkat (Kode 22): maks. 2.200 mm Jumlah keluar mata gergaji: 125 mm Diameter blade utama: maks. 450 mm Tinggi kerja (tinggi meja): ca. 1.020 mm (dapat disesuaikan dengan kaki leveling) Total tinggi: ca. 2.100 – 2.200 mm (tergantung konfigurasi terminal) Kontrol & Perlengkapan Penjepit Kontrol mesin: Dilengkapi kontrol HOLZMA CADmatic 4 berbasis IPC yang sudah teruji, menawarkan pengoperasian intuitif dengan layar grafis, diagnosis error dalam bahasa jelas, serta visualisasi alur pemotongan yang optimal. Penjepit material: Gerakan penggeser diperlengkapi standar dengan 9 penjepit dua jari HOLZMA yang tangguh, untuk pemfixasian paket material yang presisi dan menjaga kualitas material. Daya Listrik & Energi Tegangan operasi: 400 V (arus tiga fasa) Konfigurasi listrik: 3~ + N Frekuensi: 50 Hz Arus nominal: 52 A Fuse yang dibutuhkan: 63 A slow Tegangan kontrol: 24 V Fitur Perlengkapan dan Fungsi Hedpfx Aezilz Nob Ssnu Kontrol tinggi pemotongan otomatis: Unit gergaji menyesuaikan ketinggian blade utama (13,5 kW) dan scoring (2,2 kW) secara otomatis sesuai ketinggian paket yang terdeteksi. Batang tekan pintar (pneumatik): Pembukaan variabel untuk mengurangi waktu idle antar potongan secara signifikan. Feeding meja lift berat (“L”): Sistem feeding kolom 4 dari belakang yang kokoh, ideal untuk handling paket papan berat secara mulus. Paket perlengkapan (“D” & “X”): Upgrade equipment untuk alur material yang dioptimalkan, penahan paket presisi, dan siklus pemotongan performa tinggi. Catatan Logistik dan Penjualan Penting Kondisi & kemasan: Mesin telah dibongkar secara profesional dan dikemas siap angkut. Semua sumbu, rel linear, dan komponen kontrol diamankan sesuai standar pabrik untuk transportasi. Biaya: Biaya pemuatan dan pengiriman tidak termasuk dalam harga jual dan sepenuhnya menjadi tanggung jawab pembeli. Rekomendasi jasa crane dan transportasi lokal dapat kami berikan jika dibutuhkan. Kami akan membantu proses pengangkutan sesuai kemampuan.

Kondisi: baru, jarak tempuh: 10 km, daya: 132,39 kW (180,00 hp), pendaftaran pertama: 01/2026, jenis bahan bakar: diesel, berat keseluruhan: 3.500 kg, konfigurasi gandar: 4x2, jarak roda: 3.520 mm, bahan bakar: diesel, warna: putih, kabin pengemudi: kabin harian, tipe perpindahan gigi: otomatis, kelas emisi: Euro 6e, suspensi: pegas daun parabola (per), jumlah tempat duduk: 3, tinggi total: 1.900 mm, volume ruang muat: 12 m³, panjang ruang muatan: 3.633 mm, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Perlengkapan: ABS, Apple CarPlay, asisten tetap jalur, kantung udara, kemudi berkuasa, kendali jelajah, kendaraan non-rokok, kontrol traksi, pendingin udara, program stabilitas elektronik (ESP),

Kondisi: belum diuji (bekas), Gergaji bawah pabrikan: Kaltenbach, tipe: KKS 400 KCH, nomor seri: 117166, tahun pembuatan: 1994, dilengkapi dengan pembatas samping, sistem pengumpanan rol: 7.000 x 350 mm, diameter mata gergaji: 400 mm, sistem penjepit hidrolik, dilengkapi dengan sistem pendingin. Hjdpfxsz R Ncte Ab Senu

Tahun pembuatan: 2006, Kondisi: bekas, Technical Data of Standard Equipment Electrical Connection Values: Hnedjn Nyt Hspfx Ab Ssu Total unit: 230/400V 50Hz 50A 35 kW Washing pump motor: 400/690V 50Hz 9.5A 4 kW Heating elements (3x9kW): 230/400V 50/60Hz 13.5A 9 kW Steam extraction motor: 230/400V 50Hz 1.1A 0.45 kW Rotary basket drive motor: 230/400V 50Hz 1.1A 0.37 kW Pneumatic Connection Values: Compressed air supply Min. 6 bar / max. 10 bar Performance Data: Washing pump flow rate: 280 l/min Washing pump delivery pressure: 5 bar Dimensions, Weights, Tank Capacities: Tank 1 washing liquid volume: 650 L Tank 2 rinsing liquid volume: 265 L Permissible basket load: 750 kg Usable basket diagonal: 1400 mm Usable height inside the unit: 800 mm Loading height: 920 mm Height: approx. 3010 mm Width: approx. 2365 mm Depth: approx. 1665 mm Empty weight: approx. 1320 kg

Kondisi: siap digunakan (bekas), Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, jarak tempuh: 204.000 km, daya: 120 kW (163,15 hp), pendaftaran pertama: 05/2015, jenis bahan bakar: diesel, berat kosong: 2.470 kg, berat keseluruhan: 3.500 kg, bahan bakar: diesel, tipe perpindahan gigi: mekanis, suspensi: baja, Tahun pembuatan: 2015, Perlengkapan: ABS, kantung udara, kendaraan non-rokok, pemanas parkir, pendaftaran truk, pendingin udara,

Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2026 Baru: Ya Hnedpfxsy Dnvbo Ab Ssu Berat kosong: 35 kg Dimensi ruang muat: 40 x 20 x 60 cm Tanda CE: ya Nomor seri: DPX-27500 Hubungi Tim DPX untuk informasi lebih lanjut.

Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2026 Baru: Ya Berat kosong: 90 kg Dimensi ruang kargo: 60 x 40 x 100 cm Tanda CE: ya Nomor seri: DPX-27508 Hubungi Tim DPX untuk informasi lebih lanjut. Hnodpfx Ajy Dnvzjb Sou

Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2026 Baru: Ya Berat kosong: 110 kg Hjdpfxey Dnv Uj Ab Senu Dimensi ruang muat: 60 x 40 x 100 cm Tanda CE: ya Nomor seri: DPX-27509 Hubungi Tim DPX untuk informasi lebih lanjut.

Kondisi: bekas, en-t1-20240628-01 Hjdpfx Ajval Eysb Ssnu

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Working width: 600 mm Working height: 220 mm Minimum workpiece length: 250 mm Units: 4 1. Saw cutting unit, Random system: Sawn finish appearance 2. Brush: Metal, diameter 220 mm 3. Brush: Tynex grit 60, diameter 220 mm 4. Brush: Tynex grit 120, diameter 220 mm Height adjustment: Handwheel Height display: Mechanical counter Hnodpehwrp Rjfx Ab Ssu Feed speed: 4 - 12 m/min Motor power, saw cutting unit: 1.1 kW Motor power, brushes: 4 kW Motor power, feed: 0.37 kW Machine length: 2800 mm Machine width: 1500 mm Machine height: 1600 mm Weight: 1500 kg

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Lebar kerja: 400 mm Tinggi kerja: 220 mm Panjang benda kerja minimum: 250 mm Unit: 2 Hnodpfxsgrlads Ab Ssu 1. Unit pemotongan gergaji Random System: Optik potongan gergaji 2. Sikat: Sikat Tynex, grit 80, diameter 220 mm Pengaturan tinggi: Roda tangan Indikator tinggi: Penghitung mekanis Kecepatan umpan: 4 - 12 m/menit Daya motor pemotong: 1,1 kW Daya motor sikat: 3 kW Daya motor pengumpan: 0,37 kW Panjang mesin: 1400 mm Lebar mesin: 1400 mm Berat: 550 kg

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Working width: 400 mm Working height: 300 mm Minimum workpiece length: 250 mm Units: 2 brush units, individually adjustable 1st brush: Metal brush, diameter 220 mm 2nd brush: Tynex brush, grit 80, diameter 220 mm Reversible rotation: for both brushes Height adjustment: Handwheel Height display: Mechanical counter Feed speed: 4 - 12 m/min Brush motor power: 2 x 3 kW Feed motor power: 0.37 kW Machine length: 1,400 mm Machine width: 900 mm Weight: 500 kg Hnjdpsd Ry Drefx Ab Sou

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Working width: 300 mm Working height: 210 mm Hnodpfsd Ry Dusx Ab Ssu Minimum workpiece length: 300 mm Units: 2 centrally adjustable brush units 1st brush: Tynex brush, grit 60, diameter 180 mm 2nd brush: Tynex brush, grit 80, diameter 180 mm Height adjustment: Handwheel Height display: Mechanical counter Feed speed: 4 - 12 m/min Brush motor power: 2 x 3 kW Feed motor power: 0.37 kW Machine length: 1150 mm Machine width: 800 mm Weight: 390 kg

Kondisi: bekas, Technical details: Grinding spindle speed: 1,440 rpm Voltage: 220 V / Hz Total power requirement: 1.1 kW Machine weight approx.: 75 kg Hjdpfx Abju Ng S Dj Senu Space requirement approx.: L: 0.4 x W: 0.7 x H: 1.15 m Bench grinder/deburring machine mounted on a welded steel profile stand with base plate (400x400x5 mm) - Wire brushes Ø 200 x W: 25 mm mounted left and right - Without grinding rest - Protection class IP44 - Operated via ON/OFF switch

Kondisi: baru, Swing saw blade 0-45° Slide carriage length 3,200, 3,800 mm Cutting width 1,300, 1,500 mm Motor power 7.5 kW Cutting height 177 mm Cutting height at 45° 133 mm Hjdpfx Astg Ailsb Sonu Saw blade diameter 500 mm Speed 3000/3600/4200 rpm Working height 870 mm Extraction port diameter 1x120, 1x100 mm Fimal Panel Saw P 3200-08 AX Partnership Edition ----- Manufacturer’s Description: - Sliding carriage made of anodised aluminium, including high-precision guides of hardened and ground steel - Carriage lockable in any position - Saw blade guard with swing-away function - Extension table with adjustable crosscut fence with length compensation every 5° and at 22.5° - Mitre fence and eccentric clamp - Belt adjustment for speed changes from the top (access via opening in saw table) - Indicator lights for set saw blade speed - Electrical system and safety devices according to CE standards Technical Data: - Saw blade tilt: 0° to 45° - Table dimensions: 1,030 x 680 mm - Working height: 870 mm - Sliding carriage dimensions: 3,200 x 400 mm - Cutting length with scoring unit: 3,420 mm - Cutting width at rip fence: 1,300 mm - Max. cutting height with 500 mm saw blade: 90°: 177 mm / 45°: 133 mm - 3 speeds: 3,000 / 3,600 / 4,200 rpm - Motors: Main saw: 7.5 kW / 10 HP / 50 Hz, Scoring saw: 0.55 kW / 0.75 HP - Sound level to EN 27960: 84.4 – 86.3 dB(A) - Extraction ports: 1 x 120 mm, 1 x 100 mm - Crosscut fence extendable to 3,400 mm ----- Partnership Edition P 3200-08 AX Equipment: - 3-axis programming unit for saw blade height adjustment, blade tilt and rip fence positioning via TFT 15'' touch screen (Windows-based), including 2,500 program memory slots, 2 USB ports and 1 Ethernet LAN connector - Scoring unit with electro-motorised height adjustment and motorised, axial impulse adjustment, including digital display for height and width - Crosscut fence with 3 stop positions; 2 stops with digital display, 1 stop analogue, but digitally adjustable via coupling to a digital stop - Upper control panel including automatic star-delta start Option at extra cost (on request): - Cutting width 1,500 mm, sliding carriage length 3,800 mm ----- Price for the above-mentioned machine on request! ----- Prices plus packaging and shipping Prices plus statutory VAT ----- (Technical data as per manufacturer – no guarantee!)

Kondisi: seperti baru (mesin pameran), Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, daya: 5,52 kW (7,51 hp), tegangan masuk: 400 V, frekuensi input: 50 Hz, diameter mata gergaji: 300 mm, panjang total: 6.689 mm, lebar total: 1.766 mm, tinggi total: 3.055 mm, panjang pemotongan (maks.): 5.300 mm, kedalaman pemotongan: 80 mm, diameter nosel ekstraksi: 140 mm, Further technical data Cutting height vertical: 2,150 mm / 2,150 mm (plunge) Cutting height horizontal: 2,100 mm Width: 1,766 mm (free-standing) / 1,383 mm (wall-mounted) Cutting length: 5,300 mm / 3,000 mm / 5,000 mm (plunge) Saw Frame Self-supporting, torsion-resistant, welded frame with truss reinforcements, mounted on 4 solid machine feet Automatically retracting wood support wall TRK1, with integrated small parts wood support Panel lowering device (PAV) with 2 panel lowering units, suitable for panel materials weighing up to 160 kg (80 kg per panel lowering unit) Length stop profile above the central support up to zero cut position Continuous length stop profile above roller support with flap stop Precision 17-fold roller carriage, pneumatically braked Swiveling intermediate support along the entire length, aluminum support grid with plastic covers Wall-mounting device Aluminum small parts support (1 pair), can be positioned as needed Saw Beam & Saw Unit Stable, durable saw beam with double locking mechanism Robust, high-precision motor carriage mounting Pneumatic clamping of the motor carriage Powerful, high-torque saw motor 5.5 kW (7.5 HP) Integrated, high-performance TRK dust extraction for external extraction unit Hnodsxazapspfx Ab Ssu Supersilent sound insulation Electromagnetic motor brake Paper holder Control System Clearly arranged button control panel for simple operation Positioning of the panel lowering device via two-hand control Operator guidance through status indicator lights on the panel lowering units Operating hours counter Dimension Setting Program cam switch for repetitive dimensions Laser-assisted display of horizontal cuts Digital measuring system DMS-Y, incl. motorized fine adjustment Digital measuring system DMS-X, incl. manual fine adjustment, can be mounted above middle support or roller carriage Special Equipment 006 Striebig free-standing support 103 Digital measuring system DMS, X-axis 104 Digital measuring system DMS, Y-axis 105 Additional digital measuring system DMS, X-axis 200 Pro Lock Easy-Fix tool clamping system for saw blade 201 Scribing saw unit VSA 300 Additional panel lowering unit 401 Complete aluminum small parts support Including delivery and installation in postal code areas 71, 72, 73, 77, 78, 79, 86, 87, 88, 89

Kondisi: bekas, jarak tempuh: 2.800 km, daya: 96 kW (130,52 hp), pendaftaran pertama: 02/2026, jenis bahan bakar: diesel, berat keseluruhan: 2.040 kg, warna: putih, tipe perpindahan gigi: mekanis, kelas emisi: Euro 6, jumlah tempat duduk: 2, Tahun pembuatan: 2025, Perlengkapan: ABS, filter jelaga, kunci sentral, pendingin udara, program stabilitas elektronik (ESP), sistem navigasi,

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2025, Working width: 380 mm Hnjdpov R U Ifofx Ab Seu Working height: 250 mm 1st unit, rotor assembly: Group of 2 oscillating rotary brushes, Ø 200 mm, each brush powered by a 1.5 kW motor, variable drive 2nd unit, rotor assembly: Group of 2 oscillating rotary brushes, Ø 200 mm, each brush powered by a 1.5 kW motor, variable drive Oscillation for both units: yes Height adjustment: Handwheel Height display: Mechanical counter Feed speed: 1 - 6 m/min Feed motor power: 0.37 kW Vacuum conveyor: yes Machine length: 1400 mm Machine width: 900 mm Weight: 500 kg

Kondisi: baru, Masterwood MasterSaw Heavy-duty pressure beam saw with full features Manufacturer’s description: MasterSaw pressure beam saws are equipped with the following features: - Air-jet marked cutting line - Height-controlled pressure beam - Controlled saw blade projection - 3 or 4 air cushion tables, center tables adjustable - Loading and unloading rollers at the end of the tables - 15 kW main saw motor (MS 430 L: 18.5 kW) - Scoring unit adjustable horizontally and vertically from the control panel - Masterlock quick-change system for saw blade replacement - Saw carriage travel speeds: return 110 m/min, forward max. 95 m/min - Pusher return speed max. 95 m/min - Machine weight: 6 t or 6.8 t - 8 or 10 double-finger clamps standard - Double roller side alignment device - Intuitive machine software with graphical user interface Hsdpfx Ajxmk Ebjb Senu - Stress relief cut - Recutting option (nesting) - Front and rear cleaning doors MasterSaw series features: MasterSaw 320 – Outstanding price-performance ratio - Cutting length: 3,200 mm - 3 air cushion tables, center table adjustable - Machine weight: 6 t MasterSaw 430 – Industrial standard for the trade - Cutting length: 4,300 mm - 4 air cushion tables, center tables adjustable - Machine weight: 6.8 t Detailed features of MasterSaw 320/430: - Saw unit with automatic adaptation of optimal saw blade projection - Scoring saw unit with 200 mm blade for chip-free cuts at high feed speeds - Saw unit drive by servomotor and rack-and-pinion system - Pneumatic pressure beam is always positioned parallel to the worktable via rack-and-pinion drive - Pressure beam opening height is monitored by intelligent control system for shortest cutting cycles - Double roller side aligner positions the panel strips before and behind the cutting line - Material pusher with 8 (MS 320) or 10 (MS 430) double-finger clamps Technical data MasterSaw 320/430: - Max. panel size MS 320: 3,200 x 3,100 mm - Max. panel size MS 430: 4,300 x 4,300 mm - Saw blade diameter: 400 mm - Cutting thickness up to 90 mm - Main saw motor power: 15 kW - Scoring saw motor power: 1.5 kW - Feed speed: up to 95 m/min in cutting mode, up to 110 m/min in return - Smallest finished workpiece: 34 x 45 mm - Weight: 6 t (MS 320) or 6.8 t (MS 430) - Dimensions MS 320: 5,556 x 6,646 x 1,890 mm (L x W x H) - Dimensions MS 430: 6,556 x 7,775 x 1,890 mm (L x W x H) - CE protective device Features of the MasterSaw series: MasterSaw 430 L – Lift table machine with 120 mm cutting height The solution for high productivity The MasterSaw 430 L features rear feed via lift table. With its 120 mm cutting height, it is optimally suited for series production. Equipment and technical data MasterSa…

Kondisi: bekas, jarak tempuh: 63.000 km, daya: 75 kW (101,97 hp), pendaftaran pertama: 09/2021, jenis bahan bakar: diesel, berat keseluruhan: 2.800 kg, tipe perpindahan gigi: mekanis, kelas emisi: Euro 6, jumlah tempat duduk: 3, Tahun pembuatan: 2021, Perlengkapan: ABS, filter jelaga, kunci sentral, pemanas parkir, pendingin udara, program stabilitas elektronik (ESP),

Kondisi: bekas, jarak tempuh: 151.950 km, daya: 88 kW (119,65 hp), pendaftaran pertama: 09/2022, jenis bahan bakar: diesel, berat keseluruhan: 3.000 kg, inspeksi berikutnya (TÜV): 01/2027, warna: putih, tipe perpindahan gigi: mekanis, kelas emisi: Euro 6, jumlah tempat duduk: 3, panjang total: 4.963 mm, lebar total: 2.050 mm, tinggi total: 2.254 mm, Tahun pembuatan: 2022, Perlengkapan: ABS, filter jelaga, kunci sentral, mengalami kecelakaan, pendingin udara, program stabilitas elektronik (ESP),

Kondisi: bekas, jarak tempuh: 119.200 km, daya: 110 kW (149,56 hp), pendaftaran pertama: 04/2021, jenis bahan bakar: diesel, berat keseluruhan: 3.200 kg, warna: merah, tipe perpindahan gigi: otomatis, kelas emisi: Euro 6, jumlah tempat duduk: 2, panjang total: 5.304 mm, lebar total: 1.904 mm, tinggi total: 1.990 mm, panjang ruang muatan: 2.898 mm, lebar ruang muat: 1.595 mm, tinggi ruang muatan: 1.390 mm, Perlengkapan: ABS, filter jelaga, kunci sentral, pendingin udara, program stabilitas elektronik (ESP), sistem navigasi,

Kondisi: bekas, jarak tempuh: 100.000 km, daya: 120 kW (163,15 hp), pendaftaran pertama: 03/2023, jenis bahan bakar: diesel, berat keseluruhan: 3.050 kg, warna: hijau, tipe perpindahan gigi: otomatis, kelas emisi: Euro 6, jumlah tempat duduk: 5, Perlengkapan: ABS, filter jelaga, kunci sentral, pemanas parkir, pendingin udara, penggerak semua roda, program stabilitas elektronik (ESP), sistem navigasi,