Beli Dr. Schneider St 600 bekas (29.795)

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2019,

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2022,

Kondisi: bekas,

Kondisi: bekas,

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2024,

Kondisi: siap digunakan (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2020, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, nomor mesin/kendaraan: 2027117, berat keseluruhan: 4.500 kg, model controller: SIEMENS Sinumerik 828D, Perlengkapan: konveyor serpihan, Tanpa harga minimum – dijamin terjual kepada penawar tertinggi! DETAIL TEKNIS Gbsdpfx Aow T Rttji Ajp Revolver alat: 12 posisi Kontrol: SIEMENS Sinumerik 828D DETAIL MESIN Berat: 4.500 kg PERLENGKAPAN Konveyor serbuk

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 1994, Wickelmaschine Böhl Typ Meister/S-600 Gedpsxhtl Tofx Ai Aobp

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2007, Mesin frais Röders RXP 800 DS, tahun pembuatan 2007 Mesin frais Röders RFM 600, tahun pembuatan 2000 Gedpfxjyiln Ue Ai Aebp

Kondisi: sangat baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2015, jam operasional: 918 h, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, daya: 23,54 kW (32,01 hp), jenis bahan bakar: diesel, bahan bakar: diesel, Perlengkapan: pendingin udara, HAKO Citymaster 600 Municipal equipment carrier / vacuum sweeper First commissioned in 2015, only 918 total operating hours, excellent overall condition, major service with extensive overhaul just completed, immediately ready for operation. Sale takes place as a used machine with exclusion of return, warranty, and guarantee. Gbedpfxetxp A Ss Ai Ajp Net price: €33,529 // Gross price: €39,900 - Viewing welcome! - Nationwide shipping can be organised; costs depend on the distance! - We are happy to provide you with an attractive leasing or financing offer through our leasing partner!

Kondisi: bekas, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, Tahun pembuatan: 2018, jam operasional: 10.147 h, kapasitas angkut: 3.000 kg, tinggi angkat: 6.580 mm, pengangkatan bebas: 2.080 mm, jenis bahan bakar: listrik, tipe tiang: triplex, tinggi konstruksi: 2.880 mm, lebar kerangka garpu: 1.250 mm, panjang garpu: 1.800 mm, jenis penggerak: Elektro, Electric 4-wheel forklift Load center: 600 mm Fork width: 150 mm Gjdpfx Aioxvt Dlo Aebp Fork thickness: 50 mm ISO class: ISO Class 3 = 2,500 - 4,999 kg Mast type: Triplex Transmission: Double pedal Condition: Ready for operation and fully functional Technical condition: Good Front tyres type: Superelastic Front tyres size: 23x10-12 Front tyres condition: 60 - 80% Rear tyres type: Superelastic Rear tyres size: 200-50-10 Rear tyres condition: New Battery voltage: 80V Battery capacity: 775Ah Battery manufacturer: AIM Battery type: PzS Battery year: 2018 Battery condition: 60 - 80% Description: Delivered with new FEM 4.004 inspection. For further questions, feel free to call us. In addition to this model we have approx. 150 other industrial trucks in stock. Visit our website fleischmann-foerdertechnik. Leasing & financing as well as delivery on favorable terms can be arranged upon request. Trade-in of Linde vehicles is also possible – even if you do not purchase a vehicle from us. Indicated operating hours were read at the time of listing. Subject to prior sale, changes and errors reserved. Side shift, fork positioner, Stabau S11-ZVI-30-S-01 integrated 3rd valve, 4th valve, rear work light, front work light, heater, road-legal package (StVZO), full cabin, full free lift, safety light, heated seat,

Kondisi: baru, berat kosong: 1.895 kg, berat muatan maksimum: 705 kg, berat keseluruhan: 2.600 kg, konfigurasi gandar: 2 gandar, panjang ruang muatan: 3.760 mm, lebar ruang muat: 1.790 mm, tinggi ruang muatan: 2.010 mm, volume ruang muat: 13,7 m³, warna: abu-abu, tinggi konstruksi: 2.370 mm, lebar kerja: 2.330 mm,

Kondisi: baru, berat kosong: 625 kg, berat muatan maksimum: 1.975 kg, berat keseluruhan: 2.600 kg, konfigurasi gandar: 2 gandar, panjang ruang muatan: 3.130 mm, lebar ruang muat: 1.670 mm, tinggi ruang muatan: 2.010 mm, volume ruang muat: 10,5 m³, warna: hitam, tinggi konstruksi: 2.370 mm, lebar kerja: 2.150 mm,

Kondisi: baru, berat kosong: 1.895 kg, berat muatan maksimum: 7.050 kg, berat keseluruhan: 2.600 kg, konfigurasi gandar: 2 gandar, panjang ruang muatan: 3.760 mm, lebar ruang muat: 1.790 mm, tinggi ruang muatan: 2.010 mm, volume ruang muat: 13,7 m³, warna: hitam, tinggi konstruksi: 2.370 mm, lebar kerja: 2.330 mm,

Kondisi: baru, berat kosong: 705 kg, berat muatan maksimum: 1.895 kg, berat keseluruhan: 2.600 kg, konfigurasi gandar: 2 gandar, panjang ruang muatan: 3.760 mm, lebar ruang muat: 1.790 mm, tinggi ruang muatan: 2.010 mm, volume ruang muat: 13,7 m³, warna: hitam, tinggi konstruksi: 2.370 mm, lebar kerja: 2.330 mm,

Tahun pembuatan: 2023, jam operasional: 1 h, Kondisi: baru, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, nomor mesin/kendaraan: N.A., Unused CIC 600 top-discharge filter centrifuge made from Hastelloy C22 (DIN 2.4602). Delivered and installed in 2023, this unit, along with a range of other equipment, has never been put into operation. The centrifuge features a drum diameter of 600 mm, a nominal capacity of 52 liters or 65 kg, maximum drum speed of 1,940 rpm, and a maximum centrifugal acceleration of 1,260 g. Housing material: 1.4571; all product-contacting parts: 2.4602—matching the specifications of Heinkel centrifuges. Godpfxoyffr Uj Ai Aobp Scope of supply: a) CIC 600 top-discharge filter centrifuge b) Support frame c) CIP system integrated into main unit d) Quick-lock front housing, tool set included e) Inertization pressure monitoring integrated into main unit f) Solids discharge valve g) Flooding function h) Washing basket including coating Technical details are available upon request. Please contact us for a written quotation. Dismantling, packaging, and loading for truck transport will be organized and supervised by Cycron GmbH, ensuring highly professional execution. For further information or inquiries, please feel free to contact us at any time. We look forward to hearing from you. Cycron GmbH, Switzerland

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2011, lebar total: 2.400 mm, panjang total: 4.500 mm, tinggi total: 2.200 mm, de-hu-maschine Gbedjxrz Hmopfx Ai Aep

Kondisi: bekas, Used pallet racking by SSI Schäfer is among the most popular solutions for efficient and safe warehouse storage. This heavy-duty racking system is ideal for warehouses, industrial, and logistics operations that require robust and long-lasting storage racks for Euro pallets. The proven PR600 design offers high load capacity, flexible configurations, and reliable performance in day-to-day operations. Buying used means: tested brand quality at an attractive price – immediately available from stock for new installations, remodeling, or expanding your racking system. Customizable: The racking frames (frame type P100 / P120) can be modified to your desired height – precisely and professionally in our workshop. We deliver tailor-made racking solutions for every storage requirement. PRODUCT DETAILS - Height: approx. 750 cm - Depth: approx. 105 cm - Length: approx. 3090 cm - Shelf load: 3000 / 3500 kg (depending on version) - Bay width: 270 cm (3 × EPAL) - Beams: 270 cm, type INP100 or CE110 (box profile) - Beam color: blue - Frame type: P100/P120, galvanized frame, pre-assembled - Levels: floor + 4 - Pallet positions: 165 including floor spaces - Version: Used SSI Schäfer PR600 - Availability: immediately available from stock, multiple units available SCOPE OF DELIVERY: - 12 × frames approx. 7.50 × 1.05 m, galvanized, pre-assembled - 88 × beams approx. 270 cm (INP100 or CE110) Gbodpfszk Da Tjx Ai Ajp - 176 × safety pins Price: 3744.00 € net 4455.36 € gross You will receive an invoice with VAT shown separately. DELIVERY, ASSEMBLY & INSPECTION: - Nationwide delivery in Germany by our partner forwarding agent – freight costs depend on postcode - Professional assembly and disassembly by trained teams optionally available - Racking inspections in accordance with DIN EN 15635 by certified inspectors - Inspection of existing heavy-duty racks from other manufacturers also possible PLANNING & CONSULTING: Our planning department will gladly provide you with a non-binding offer tailored to your requirements. Whether new installation, remodeling, or expansion – we will competently advise you on your racking configuration. SHOWROOM: Feel free to visit us in our showroom! On site, you can get a comprehensive overview of our pallet racking, warehouse shelving, and other solutions. Many systems are set up and ready to experience directly. Our specialists are at your disposal for questions and individual advice – we look forward to your visit! Haven’t found the right solution yet? Visit our website for a quick overview of many offers and variations of our products! INTERESTED OR HAVE QUESTIONS? Simply contact us by message or phone call. You can find our phone number on our company page. ☎️ We are available by phone Monday to Friday, 08:00 - 16:00. Alternatively, send us a message with your name and number, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

Kondisi: bekas, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, Used pallet racking from SSI Schäfer ranks among the most popular solutions for efficient and safe warehouse storage. This heavy-duty racking system is ideal for warehouses, industrial operations, and logistics companies that require stable and durable racks for storing Euro pallets. The proven PR600 construction offers high load capacity, maximum flexibility, and is perfectly suited for storing goods with heavy weight. Buying used here means tested brand quality at a particularly attractive price – immediately available for new installations, conversions, or expansions of your existing racking system. Customizable: The frames (type P120) can be modified to your desired height – precisely and professionally in our workshop. We deliver tailor-made racking solutions for any storage requirement. PRODUCT DETAILS - Height: approx. 9.85 m - Depth: approx. 105 cm - Length: approx. 10,100 cm - Shelf load: 3,000 / 3,500 kg (depending on version) - Bay width: 270 cm (3 × EPAL) - Beams: 270 cm, type INP100 or CE110 (box profile) - Beam color: Blue - Frame type: P120, galvanized, pre-assembled - Levels: Floor + 4 - Pallet spaces: 540 incl. floor level - Version: Used SSI Schäfer PR600 - Availability: immediately available from stock, several sets in stock SCOPE OF DELIVERY: - 037 × frame approx. 9.85 × 1.05 m, galvanized, pre-assembled - 288 × beams approx. 270 cm (INP100 or CE110) - 576 × safety pins Godpfjzk A U Njx Ai Ajbp Price: €11,844.00 net €14,094.36 gross You will receive an invoice with VAT shown separately. DELIVERY, INSTALLATION & INSPECTION: - Nationwide delivery in Germany through our partner forwarding agency – freight costs depend on the postcode - Professional assembly and disassembly by trained teams optionally available - Rack inspections according to DIN EN 15635 by certified examiners - Inspection of existing heavy-duty racks from other manufacturers also possible PLANNING & CONSULTATION: Our planning department will be happy to provide you with a non-binding offer – individually tailored to your requirements. Whether new installation, conversion, or extension – we provide expert advice for your racking configuration. SHOWROOM: Feel free to visit us in our showroom! On site you can get a comprehensive impression of our pallet racks, storage racks, and other solutions. Many systems are set up and can be experienced directly. Our expert consultants will be happy to answer your questions and provide individual advice – we look forward to your visit! Haven't found the right solution yet? Visit our website for a quick overview of many offers & product variations! INTERESTED OR HAVE QUESTIONS? Simply contact us by message or phone. You can find our phone number on our company page. ☎️ We are available by phone Monday to Friday, 08:00 - 16:00. Alternatively, you can send us a message with your name and number, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

Kondisi: bekas, Used pallet racks from SSI Schäfer are among the most popular solutions for efficient and secure warehouse storage. This heavy-duty racking system is ideal for storage facilities, industrial companies, and logistics operations that require robust and durable racks for storing Euro pallets. The proven PR600 construction offers high load capacities, maximum flexibility, and is perfectly suited for storing goods with significant weight. Buying used means: tested brand quality at an especially attractive price – immediately available for new construction, conversion, or expansion of your existing racking system. Customizable: The upright frames (Type P120) can be rebuilt to your desired height – precisely and professionally in our workshop. We deliver tailor-made racking solutions for every storage requirement. PRODUCT DETAILS - Height: approx. 490 cm - Depth: approx. 105 cm - Length: approx. 1410 cm - Compartment load capacity: 3000 / 3500 kg (depending on version) - Bay width: 270 cm (3 × EPAL) - Beams: 270 cm, Type INP100 or CE110 (box profile) - Beam color: Blue - Frame type: P120, galvanized, pre-assembled - Levels: Floor + 2 - Pallet spaces: 45 incl. floor spaces - Version: Used SSI Schäfer PR600 - Availability: Immediately available from stock, multiple sets in stock SCOPE OF DELIVERY: - 06 × Uprights approx. 4.90 × 1.05 m, galvanized, pre-assembled - 20 × Beams approx. 270 cm (INP100 or CE110) - 40 × Safety pins Price: €1,080.00 net €1,285.20 gross You will receive an invoice with VAT shown. DELIVERY, ASSEMBLY & INSPECTION: - Germany-wide delivery via our partner forwarding agency – shipping costs depend on postcode - Professional assembly and disassembly by trained teams optionally available Gjdezk A Nmjpfx Ai Aobp - Rack inspections according to DIN EN 15635 by certified inspectors - Inspection of existing heavy-duty racks from other manufacturers also possible PLANNING & CONSULTATION: Our planning department will gladly create a non-binding, custom quote tailored to your requirements. Whether new construction, conversion, or expansion – we competently advise you on your racking configuration. SHOWROOM: You are welcome to visit us in our showroom! On site you can get a comprehensive overview of our pallet racks, warehouse shelving, and other solutions. Many systems are on display and can be experienced firsthand. Our specialists are available for any questions or individual advice – we look forward to your visit! Haven’t found the right solution yet? Visit our website for a quick overview of many offers & variations of our items! INTERESTED OR HAVE QUESTIONS? Simply contact us by message or phone call. You can find our phone number on our company page. ☎️ We are available by phone Monday to Friday, 8:00 a.m. – 4:00 p.m. Alternatively, you can send us a message with your name and number, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

Kondisi: bekas, Used SSI Schäfer pallet racking is among the most popular solutions for efficient and secure warehouse storage. This heavy-duty racking system is ideal for warehouses, industrial operations, and logistics companies seeking robust and durable racks for storing Euro pallets. The proven PR600 design ensures high load capacity, maximum flexibility, and is perfectly suited for storing heavy goods. Buying used here means: tested brand quality at an especially attractive price – immediately available for new installations, upgrades, or expanding your existing racking system. Customizable: The upright frames (type P120) can be rebuilt to your desired height – precisely and professionally in our workshop. We provide bespoke racking solutions for every storage requirement. PRODUCT DETAILS - Height: approx. 490 cm - Depth: approx. 105 cm - Length: approx. 3090 cm - Shelf load: 3,000 / 3,500 kg (depending on configuration) - Bay width: 270 cm (fits 3 × EPAL pallets) - Beams: 270 cm, type INP100 or CE110 (box profile) - Beam colour: Blue Gjdozk A Naspfx Ai Aobp - Frame type: P120, galvanized, pre-assembled - Levels: Floor + 2 - Pallet spaces: 99 incl. floor positions - Version: Used SSI Schäfer PR600 - Availability: In stock for immediate delivery, multiple sets available DELIVERY INCLUDES: - 12 × frames approx. 4.90 × 1.05 m, galvanized, pre-assembled - 44 × beams approx. 270 cm (INP100 or CE110) - 88 × safety pins Price: €2,232.00 net €2,656.08 gross You will receive an invoice with VAT shown separately. DELIVERY, INSTALLATION & INSPECTION: - Nationwide delivery in Germany by our partner freight company – shipping cost depends on postal code - Professional assembly and disassembly by trained teams available as an option - Rack inspections according to DIN EN 15635 by certified inspectors - Inspection of existing heavy-duty racks from other manufacturers also available PLANNING & CONSULTATION: Our planning team will be happy to prepare a non-binding quote for you – tailored to your specific requirements. Whether new installation, conversion, or expansion – we offer expert advice for your racking configuration. SHOWROOM: Visit us at our showroom! See our pallet racking, shelving, and other solutions in person. Many systems are set up and ready to view. Our specialists are available for any questions and individual consultation – we look forward to your visit! Haven't found the right product yet? Visit our website for a quick overview of a wide range of offers and product variations! INTERESTED OR HAVE QUESTIONS? Just contact us by message or phone. You'll find our phone number on our company page. ☎️ We are available by phone Monday to Friday, 8:00 am – 4:00 pm. Alternatively, you can send us a message with your name and number, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

Kondisi: hampir baru (bekas), kapasitas muatan per bagian penyimpanan: 11.000 kg, panjang total: 25.000 mm, tinggi total: 4.500 mm, lebar total: 1.050 mm, tinggi rak: 4.500 mm, panjang penyangga: 2.700 mm, panjang rak: 25.000 mm, kapasitas angkut: 11.000 kg, kapasitas angkut per lengan kantilever: 3.500 kg, kapasitas beban per penyangga: 11.000 kg, tinggi rangka: 4.500 mm, beban per pasangan rangka atap (maks.): 3.500 kg, lebar rangka: 1.050 mm, jarak gandar: 2.700 mm, lebar transportasi: 2.400 mm, tinggi transportasi: 1.100 mm, panjang transportasi: 4.600 mm, Rak Palet SSI Schäfer PR600, sekitar 25 meter panjang. Bekas 🧰 Fitur Produk • Produsen: SSI Schäfer • Warna: Galvanis / Biru / Oranye • Kondisi: Bekas, lihat foto • Rangka: 10 buah, sudah dirakit sebagian 450 x 105 cm • Tiang Penyangga: 36 buah, dengan lebar bersih 270 cm, tiang I 100 x 50 mm Godpfx Aisd Hkv Ne Aebp • Pengaman: 72 buah, pin pengaman galvanis • Pengencang: 40 buah, angkur beton Hilti • Kapasitas Beban: 3.500 kg per tingkat • Kapasitas Beban Per Lapangan: 11.000 kg • Pelat Kapasitas Beban: Termasuk Lebih dari 5.000 meter panjang tersedia di gudang Tinggi rangka hingga 10 meter Kedalaman yang tersedia 100, 105 cm, dan 110 cm Panjang tiang yang tersedia 180, 190, 200, 270, 330, 360 cm, dan 370 cm Penghubung kedalaman, kisi insersi, dan rak insersi yang sesuai tersedia berdasarkan permintaan 💰 Harga € 1.950,- netto, belum termasuk PPN. • Diskon kuantitas: berdasarkan permintaan • Biaya pengiriman: Seluruh Eropa, berdasarkan permintaan • Waktu pengiriman: Tersedia segera • Inspeksi dan pengambilan: Dapat dilakukan kapan saja dengan perjanjian • Nomor produk: P1944 Selalu tersedia lebih dari 5000 meter panjang rak palet dari berbagai produsen (Perubahan dan kesalahan dalam data teknis, spesifikasi, dan harga, serta penjualan antara waktu diperbolehkan! Lihat Ketentuan Umum kami, semua harga belum termasuk PPN, dari gudang.) Lenox Trading – Penyedia peralatan gudang & rak berat bekas dan baru terbaik Teks Deskripsi: Apakah Anda mencari rak gudang berkualitas tinggi untuk dibeli? Lenox Trading adalah salah satu pedagang terbesar untuk peralatan gudang baru dan bekas di seluruh wilayah DACH (Austria, Jerman, Swiss), dengan sekitar 100 karyawan sendiri. ⚡ TERSEDIA SEGERA: • Lebih dari 10.000 meter panjang rak tersedia segera • 20.000 m² platform gudang & platform baja tersedia segera • 30–50 truk trailer barang diproses setiap minggu untuk pilihan maksimal 📦 RANGKAIAN PRODUK KAMI (BELI SECARA ONLINE DENGAN HARGA TERBAIK): Baik itu rak palet, rak berat, rak tinggi, rak rak, rak ban, atau rak untuk wadah IBC – kami mengirimkan dan memasang di seluruh Eropa dengan TIM KAMI SENDIRI! Termasuk perencanaan CAD, transportasi, pembongkaran, dan pemasangan. 🏭 MERK TERBAIK BEKAS & DARI LIKUIDASI / PENJUALAN PAILIT: • SSI Schäfer (Schäfer Lagertechnik, R 3000, PR 600, PR 300) • Jungheinrich (Tipe MPB, Tipe E, Rak berat Jungheinrich) • Rak cantilever (Rak cantilever Elvedi, Schäfer, Ohra) • Stow, Meta, Bito, Galler, Nedcon, Voest (Vöst), SLP, Palflex, Ramada, Bauer, Ohrner 🔨 BISNIS KAMI YANG LAIN: LELANG ONLINE & LIKUIDASI Untuk pembongkaran dan pembersihan, kami menawarkan paket lengkap: 1. Pembelian sekaligus: Pembelian barang dagangan, peralatan & seluruh persediaan gudang termasuk pembersihan menyeluruh. 2. Lelang komisi: Pelaksanaan lelang atas nama. Layanan lengkap kami oleh karyawan kami sendiri: katalogisasi, persiapan kantor, inspeksi, penyerahan barang, logistik, pembongkaran, dan penyerahan bersih. Apakah Anda menemukan kami melalui rak berat atau mencari rak berat galvanis / sistem rak berat – kami menjamin kondisi terbaik. Hubungi kami untuk

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Technical specifications for the pallet rack beam: Racking system: Bito Gbedpsnfvnuefx Ai Ajp Type: PL 38 Scope of delivery includes: 01x pallet rack beam, used Colour: blue Box profile: 127 x 50 mm Beam type: PT36.127SN Connector: 3 HK (hooks) Clear length: 3,600 mm Maximum load per pair of beams: 2,400 kg (with evenly distributed load) 02x safety pins, used Design: fully galvanized For securing the longitudinal beams against unintentional lifting

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Technical specifications for pallet rack beam: Racking system: Stow Type: Pal Rack NS The scope of delivery includes: 01x Pallet rack beam, used Colour: RAL 2004 orange Box section: 125 x 50 mm Beam type: PNB0485/1.5 Connector: 4 hooks Clear width: 3,600 mm Max. load per pair of beams: 1,832 kg, with evenly distributed load 02x Locking pins, used Gjdolvrg Rjpfx Ai Aebp Version: fully galvanized For securing the cross beams against accidental lifting

Kondisi: seperti baru (mesin pameran), Technical data for the wide-span shelf beam: Racking system: SSI Schäfer Gjdpfehtippex Ai Aobp Type: WR 600 Included in delivery: 01x wide-span shelf beam, 2nd choice Material colour: RAL 5010 gentian blue Box section: 60 x 40 x 1.25 mm Beam type: TR4-240-064-25CEL QV71|71|3 Clear span: 2,400 mm 02x locking pins, used Version: fully galvanized To secure the longitudinal beams against unintentional lifting General information about the item: This item is only offered for collection. Should transport or shipment of this item be requested, additional costs will apply. These costs can be provided separately depending on the delivery location and scope of delivery.

Kondisi: baik (bekas), lebar total: 400 mm, tinggi total: 285 mm, panjang total: 600 mm, Foldable crate 285 red – used Gbodpfx Aijvcnfzs Aop Manufacturer: Bekuplast Color: Red Material: Polypropylene External dimensions: approx. 600x400x285 mm (LxWxH) Internal dimensions: approx. 555x360x272 mm (LxWxH) Height when folded: 65 mm Stack height: 55 mm Handles: Open on the short sides / closed on the long sides Weight: 2.93 kg per unit Base with reinforced honeycomb structure Drainage holes in the base Application: - Space-saving, foldable design - Storage of various small parts in compact spaces - Stackable - Recessed grips for easy handling - Simple unlocking mechanism on the short side These are used crates. Signs of wear such as dirt, scratches, etc. may be present. Functionality is not affected.