Beli Poly-Clip Mesin Klip Otomatis Dua Baris bekas (79.384)

Kondisi: bekas, TECHNICAL DATA - Minimum/maximum bar diameter: 8–25.4 mm - Maximum workpiece length: 120 mm - Spindle speed: 5,000 rpm - Spindle power: 18 kW - Number of CNC axes: 17 Lsdpfeuharfex Afverr - Cylinder lock with Hirth coupling - Dimensions: 3500 x 1600 x 1950 mm - Weight: 8,500 kg MACHINE HOURS - Operating hours: 63,341 hrs EQUIPMENT - TORNOS TB DECO control unit - Spindle stop - Sub-spindle with counter-rotation device - Single-shank milling unit - Polygon milling unit - Central block drilling unit - Pick-up unit - Turning tool holder - Bar feeder: IEMCA SIR 25 P - KNOLL lubricant tank - Chip conveyor - Cutting oil chiller

Kondisi: bekas, TECHNICAL DATA - Number of spindles: 2 - Number of axes: 8 - Number of turret heads: 2 MAIN SPINDLE - Spindle drive power: 53 / 68 [kW] - Spindle speed: 3000 [rpm] - Max. bar diameter: 102 [mm] - 1 - Free length: 2000 [mm] - Max. main spindle chuck diameter: 420 [mm] - Rapid traverse speed: 30 [m/min] - Minimum C-axis resolution: 0.001 [deg] SUB SPINDLE - Spindle drive power: 50 / 70.5 [kW] - Spindle speed: 3000 [rpm] - Max. bar diameter: 102 [mm] - Rapid traverse speed: 30 [m/min] - Minimum C-axis resolution: 0.001 [deg] LEFT UPPER TURRET HEAD - Number of positions: 12 - Number of driven positions: 12 - Tool holder: VDI 40 - Travel X/Z: 320 x 2,000 [mm] Lsdpfxsuhbpfe Afvorr - Travel Y: 210 [mm] - Driven tool speed: 6000 [rpm] - Driven tool power: 17 [kW] RIGHT LOWER TURRET HEAD - Number of positions: 10 - Number of driven positions: 10 - Tool holder: VDI 40 - Travel X/Z: 210 x 2,000 [mm] - Driven tool speed: 6000 [rpm] - Driven tool power: 11.3 [kW] ELECTRICAL SUPPLY - Supply voltage: 400 [V] - Total power consumption: 137 [kW] WEIGHT AND DIMENSIONS - Floor space required: 9,000 x 3,500 [mm] - Machine height: 3,000 [mm] - Machine weight: 21,000 [kg] MACHINE HOURS - Operating hours: 34274 [hrs.] EQUIPMENT - Control: INDEX C200-4D (Siemens 840D) - Coolant tank: KNOLL * with high-pressure pump: 80 [bar] * with paper filter - Automatic doors - Chip conveyor: Right

Kondisi: bekas, TECHNICAL DATA - Number of axes: 18 - Number of spindles: 6 - Max diameter for round bars: 32 mm - Max through-hole for hexagonal bars: 28 mm - Spindle speed: 400 – 5,000 rpm - Counter-spindle capacity: 32 mm - Number of cross slides: 5 - Stroke of cross slides Ljdpjuhaquofx Afvsrr in positions 2 and 3, X x Z: 60 x 80 mm - Stroke of cross slides in positions 1, 4 and 5, X x Z: 60 x 100 mm - Dimensions: 8,300 x 2,300 x 2,240 mm - Weight: 11,500 kg - Operating hours: 52,066 h ACCESSORIES - TORNOS PNC DECO numerical control system - Spindle lock device, position 4 - Numerical counter-spindle with counter-operation device - Workpiece catcher with conveyor belt - 5 GOLTENBODT turning tool holders with collar - 1 GOLTENBODT cut-off tool holder - 4 fixed drills - 1 driven drill - 1 chip conveyor - High-pressure pump - Integrated bar loader TORNOS MSF 832/6 - Lamp

Kondisi: bekas, TECHNICAL DATA - Number of axes: 23 - Max. bar diameter: 20 mm - Spindle speed: 3,500 rpm - Spindle drive power: 15 / 18.5 kW SUB-SPINDLE - Sub-spindle position: 8 - Max. bar diameter: 20 mm - Travel: 160 mm - Max. part length: 75 mm - SLIDES - Number of cross slides: 3 * Positions: 1 / 8 / 9 * Stroke X, Position 1: 50 mm * Stroke X, Positions 8/9: 65 mm - Number of compound slides: 6 * Positions: 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 * Stroke X x Z1: 50 x 80 mm - Number of longitudinal slides: 1 * Position: 8 * Stroke Z2: 160 mm ELECTRICAL SUPPLY - Supply voltage: 400 V - Total connected load: 80 kVA WEIGHT AND DIMENSIONS - Required floor space: 9,600 x 2,500 mm - Machine height: 2,200 mm EQUIPMENT - Control: FANUC PNC DECO - Sub-spindle with brake - Retractable stop - Spindle stop - Chip conveyor - Coolant tank * with high-pressure pump * with paper filter - Bar feeder: IEMCA PRA 52F / 33 Lrjdpswuu Ryefx Afvjr

Kondisi: bekas, TECHNICAL DATA - Number of axes: 17 - Max. bar diameter: 25.4 [mm] - Spindle speed: 5000 [rpm] - Spindle drive power: 18 [kW] WEIGHT AND DIMENSIONS - Footprint: 3500 x 1600 [mm] - Machine height: 1950 [mm] - Machine weight: 8500 [kg] OPERATING HOURS - Power-on hours: 62,132 [hrs] EQUIPMENT - Control system: TORNOS TB DECO - Chip conveyor: MAYFRAN P51-02 M313001 - Coolant tank * with high-pressure pump: MAYFRAN 80 [bar] - Coolant container - Bar loader: TORNOS Robobar MSF 522 - Oil mist extractor: ELBARON Lrodowuu N Nspfx Afvor - Fire extinguishing system *: BAUER KRAFT

Tahun pembuatan: 2008, Kondisi: siap digunakan (bekas), Positionierauflösung: 1µm, max. Bestückungsleistung: 6000cp/h, max. Feeder-Kapazität: 310, min. Leiterplattendimensionen X/Y: 50mm/50mm, max. Leiterplattendimensionen X/Y: 780mm/600mm, Leiterplattenstärkenbereich: 0,5mm-3,5mm. Dokumentation vorhanden. Eine Besichtigung vor Ort ist möglich. Lrjdpfx Afoymfcpjvsr

Kondisi: bekas, Mesin bubut otomatis multi-spindel SCHÜTTE AG20 Lredpjzhcqrefx Afvsr

Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Kondisi: bekas, terdiri dari: 1 unit pembungkus peregangan PAMMINGER Flyer 2.4 VA, tahun pembuatan: 2009, nomor seri: M00812, 1 unit pengikat MESSERSI PR9, tahun pembuatan: 2009, nomor seri: 3421, jalur rol, pelindung, sistem kontrol. Lrjdpfjzqzb Isx Afvsr

Kondisi: bekas, Mesin bubut otomatis Merek: STROHM Lrodpfxsyllr Io Afver Tipe: M125

Kondisi: bekas, CNC multi-spindle automatic lathe INDEX MS42C Lrjdpfsxzu Trjx Afvsr

Kondisi: bekas, TECHNICAL DATA - Number of spindles: 8 - Number of sub-spindles: 1 - Hirth coupling Lrsdpfx Aowdaf Usfver - Number of cross slides: 8 - Max. output: 50 [pieces/min] SPINDLES * Max. bar diameter: 21 [mm] * Spindle speed: 620–6000 [rpm] SUB-SPINDLE - Mechanically-driven sub-spindle ELECTRICAL SUPPLY - Supply voltage: 380 [V] WEIGHT AND DIMENSIONS - Footprint: 4700x1200 [mm] - Machine height: 2250 [mm] - Machine weight: 5850 [kg] ACCESSORIES - Control: Fanuc Power Mate - Oscillating stop - Coolant tank - Coolant container - Bar magazine: PRA 40/33F - Bar holder with base

Kondisi: bekas, TECHNICAL DATA - Number of axes: 2 MAIN SPINDLE - Spindle drive power: 7.5 [kW] - Spindle speed: 6,500 [rpm] - Max. bar diameter: 26 [mm] - Max. machinable diameter: 380 [mm] - Travel X/Z: 300/250 [mm] Lodpfx Afjuhb S Tovsrr ELECTRICAL SUPPLY - Supply voltage: 400 [V] - Total power: 10 [kW] MACHINE HOURS - Power-on hours: 22,394 [h] EQUIPMENT - CNC control: Siemens 810D - Preparation for automatic tool turret: VDI 20 - Coolant tank * with high-pressure pump: HYDRO-FLUID HP1, 40 [bar] * with rinsing gun - Fire suppression system *: PRIMUS UE-02 * NOTE: Functionality not guaranteed. Must be inspected by a qualified company on behalf of the buyer. - Oil mist extractor: ELBARON RON/A 60 SV - Diamond dressing head

Kondisi: bekas, TECHNICAL DATA - Number of axes: 4 MAIN SPINDLE - Spindle nose: A2-6" - Spindle drive power: 11/15 kW - Torque: 218/258 Nm - Spindle speed: 4,500 rpm - Max. bar capacity: 66 mm - Max. machining diameter: 340 mm - Max. swing over bed: 400 mm - Max. main chuck diameter: 190 mm - Minimum C-axis resolution: 0.001° TURRET - Number of positions: 12 - Number of driven positions: 12 - Travel X/Z: 227.5 mm - Travel Y: +/-41 mm - Driven tool speed: 6,000 rpm - Driven tool power: 3.7/5.5 kW ELECTRICAL SUPPLY Lrjdpfx Afeu Uu R Nevsr - Supply voltage: 400 V - Total power consumption: 21 kW WEIGHT AND DIMENSIONS - Footprint: 2,000 x 1,600 mm - Machine height: 1,850 mm - Machine weight: 4,800 kg MACHINE HOURS - Power-on hours: 69,240 h EQUIPMENT - CNC control: Fanuc - Interfaces: Ethernet / RS232 / USB / PCMCIA - Coolant tank - Chip conveyor - Oil mist extraction: DONALDSON - Tool measurement probe - Parts catcher - Fire extinguishing system*: SIEMENS * NB: Functionality not guaranteed. Inspection by a qualified company appointed by the buyer is recommended. - Number of driven tool holders: 1 - Number of fixed tool holders: 4 - Collet chuck: EROWA

Kondisi: baru, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, daya: 2 kW (2,72 hp), tipe perpindahan gigi: otomatis, jenis bahan bakar: listrik, warna: perak, berat keseluruhan: 450 kg, Tahun pembuatan: 2025, nomor mesin/kendaraan: MZpf001, Perlengkapan: Penandaan CE, Mesin pengemas ini dapat menyelesaikan fungsi pengangkatan material, pengukuran, dan penimbangan. Mesin terdiri dari pengumpan ulir, penimbangan waktu nyata, dan perangkat penghilang debu. Mesin ini dapat membentuk lini produksi otomatis penuh bersama dengan alat penyedia kantong, mesin sealing panas, dan mesin jahit kantong. Lrsdpjxxn Ausfx Afver

Kondisi: bekas, TECHNICAL DATA - 8 spindles, bar capacity: 21 mm (round), 18 mm (hexagonal), 14 mm (square) - Spindle speed: 620–6,000 rpm - Production cycle: 1 to 50 pieces/min - Standard voltage: 380 V, 50 Hz - Bar loader for 3 m bar length - Roller casing EQUIPMENT - Standard slide positions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 - 1 piece loading cam 60 mm - 1 auxiliary camshaft - 1 counter spindle, capacity 20 mm, with lever - Cylinder lock via Hirth coupling - 8 cross slides, stroke 30 mm (optional) - Central guideway, stroke 60 mm - Cutting oil tank with magnetic drum conveyor - Coolant pump, capacity 150 L/min - Bar loading magazine Iemca PRA52/33F No. 020651PA03, year of manufacture 2006 Lrjdpfx Asuhaqzefvsr

Kondisi: bekas, TECHNICAL DATA - Spindle power: 10.5 kW - Spindle speed: 10,000 rpm - Spindle type: A2-4 - X/Y/Z travel: 280/280/145 mm - Rapid traverse: 50 m/min Lsdpfxsuhbfts Afvjrr - Worktable travel X/Z: 110/90 mm - Number of tools: 8 - Number of driven tools: 2 - Driven tools speed: 6,000 rpm - Driven tools power: 9.5 kW - Tool type: Capto C4 - Dimensions: 1,700 x 3,000 x 2,400 mm - Weight: 4,000 kg - Installed power: 2.5 kW EQUIPMENT - Siemens 840 CNC (INDEX C200-4D) - C axis - Linear scale feedback on linear axes - Sub spindle - 1 turning tool holder for counter-operation - Coolant tank with pump - Chip conveyor

Kondisi: bekas, TECHNICAL DATA - Max. bar diameter: 32 mm - Max. feeder length: 178 mm - Max. turning length: 63.5 mm Lredpfeyh Rm Hex Afvsr - Number of spindles: 8 - Number of cross slides: 8 - Number of spindle speeds: 26 - Spindle speed range: 199–2737 rpm - Standard stroke of independent feeds: 73 mm - Dimensions: 6632 x 1357 mm - Weight: 7,950 kg EQUIPMENT / ACCESSORIES - Pickup spindle, hydraulic, Saco position 7 - Drum and foot - Magnetic chip conveyor - Smoke extraction system - Parts catcher chute - Bar end chute - Parts conveyor belt - High-pressure pump - Cutting tool holder, position 7 - Drill holder, position 8 - Steady rest middle block, position 1 - Steady rest and drill holder, position 2 - Numerical slide RTECH location 5: 2 axes CNC: FANUC Oi-TD - IEMCA PRA40/42F bar loading magazine

Kondisi: bekas, TECHNICAL DATA MAIN SPINDLE - Spindle drive power: 11.7 [kW] - Spindle speed: 6000 [rpm] - Spindle bore: 25.4 [mm] - Minimum resolution C-axis: 0.001 [degree] Ledpfxouhaduj Afvsrr - Workpiece holder spindle head stroke: 400 [mm] - Tool holder slide travel X x Z: 385 x 220 [mm] WEIGHT AND DIMENSIONS - Required installation space: 2200 x 2020 [mm] - Machine height: 2230 [mm] EQUIPMENT - Control system: NUM 1060 - Coolant tank

Kondisi: bekas, TECHNICAL DATA - Number of spindles: 6 - Maximum diameter: 32 mm - Spindle speed: 6,300 rpm Lrjdpfx Aeuhaumsfvjr - Slide unit 1.1: X and Z axes CNC-controlled - Slide unit 1.2: X-axis fixed, Z-axis NC-controlled - Slide unit 2.1: X and Z axes CNC-controlled - Slide unit 2.2: X and Z axes CNC-controlled - Slide unit 3.1: X and Z axes CNC-controlled - Slide unit 3.2: X and Z axes CNC-controlled - Slide unit 4.1: X and Z axes CNC-controlled - Slide unit 4.2: X-axis fixed, Z-axis NC-controlled - Slide unit 5.1: X and Z axes CNC-controlled - Slide unit 5.2: X and Z axes CNC-controlled - Slide unit 6.1: X and Z axes CNC-controlled, with counter spindle - Slide unit 6.2: X and Z axes CNC-controlled EQUIPMENT - Siemens 840D CNC control - Counter spindle - Bar loader: IEMCA SIR MS32/33 P - Coolant tank: KNOLL * with high-pressure pump - Chip conveyor: KNOLL - Parts removal device - Parts ejector - Fire protection system: KRAFT UND BAUER * NB: Functionality not guaranteed. Please have this checked by a qualified company commissioned by the buyer.

Kondisi: bekas, TECHNICAL DATA - Number of spindles: 8 - Number of drum/camplates: 8 - Number of longitudinal stations: 8 - Max. bar capacity: round Ø 22 mm - Max. bar capacity: hexagonal 19 mm - Max. bar capacity: square 15 mm - Max. feed length: 60 mm - Number of spindle speeds: 20 - Spindle speed range: 620 to 6035 rpm - Number of camshaft speeds: 24 - Spindle stop - Max. production rate: 1–50 pcs/min - Cross slide stroke: 30 mm - Max. stroke of independent advances: 50 mm - Main motor power: 10 HP Lredpfjuhapdex Afver - Weight: 4,700 kg EQUIPMENT - Counter-spindle with brake - Unit for back/secondary operation - Foot switch + drum - Bar loader IEMCA PRA 40/33F - Chip conveyor

Kondisi: bekas, TECHNICAL DATA - Number of spindles: 2 - Number of axes: 12 - Number of turret heads: 3 MAIN SPINDLE - Spindle nose: A2-6 - Spindle drive power: 24 kW - Spindle speed: 5,000 rpm - Max. bar diameter: 65 mm - Max. main chuck diameter: 175 mm - Minimum C-axis resolution: 0.001° SUB SPINDLE - Spindle nose: A2-5 - Spindle drive power: 28 kW - Spindle speed: 7,000 rpm - Max. bar diameter: 42 mm - Minimum C-axis resolution: 0.001° - Travel distance: 700 mm LEFT UPPER TURRET - Number of stations: 10 - Number of live stations: 10 - X/Z travel: 175 / 650 mm - Y travel: +/- 40 mm - Tool type: VDI 30 - Driven tool speed: 6,000 rpm - Driven tool power: 5.5 kW LEFT LOWER TURRET - Number of stations: 10 - Number of live stations: 10 - X/Z travel: 175 / 650 mm - Y travel: +/- 40 mm - Tool type: VDI 30 - Driven tool speed: 6,000 rpm - Driven tool power: 5.5 kW RIGHT LOWER TURRET - Number of stations: 10 - Number of live stations: 10 - X/Z travel: 175 / 650 mm - Y travel: +/- 40 mm - Tool type: VDI 30 - Driven tool speed: 6,000 rpm - Driven tool power: 5.5 kW ELECTRICAL SUPPLY Lrjdpfx Aouhadzsfvsr - Supply voltage: 400 V - Total drive: 95 kW WEIGHT AND DIMENSIONS - Footprint: 5,450 x 2,318 mm - Machine height: 2,258 mm - Machine weight: 10,000 kg OPERATING HOURS - Operating hours: 50,000 h ACCESSORIES - Control: Traub TX8i-S - Electronic handwheel - 3-color status lamp - Coolant tank: RESY * with high-pressure pump * with paper filter - Chip conveyor - Parts removal - Parts belt conveyor - Number of driven tool holders: 6 - Number of fixed tool holders: 33 - Collet chuck: 2 HAINBUCH

Kondisi: bekas, TECHNICAL DATA - Number of spindles: 6 (independently controlled) Lsdpfouhangsx Afvorr - Bar capacity: 32 mm - Max. spindle speed: 6,300 rpm - Machine equipped with 32 numerically controlled axes - Slide unit 1.1: X and Z axes CNC-controlled - Slide unit 1.2: fixed X axis, Z axis CNC-controlled - Slide unit 2.1: fixed X axis, Z axis CNC-controlled - Slide unit 2.2: X and Z axes CNC-controlled - Slide unit 3.1: X and Z axes CNC-controlled - Slide unit 3.2: fixed X axis, Z axis CNC-controlled - Slide unit 4.1: X and Z axes CNC-controlled - Slide unit 4.2: fixed X axis, Z axis CNC-controlled - Slide unit 5.1: fixed X axis, Z axis CNC-controlled - Slide unit 5.2: X and Z axes CNC-controlled - Slide unit 6.1: X and Z axes CNC-controlled - Slide unit 6.2: X and Z axes CNC-controlled - Counter spindle at position 6.1 EQUIPMENT - Control unit: INDEX C200-4 (Siemens SINUMERIK 840D) - Simpel NCU - Bar loader: IEMCA SIR MS32/33/P - Central lubrication system with high-pressure pump - Chip conveyor: KNOLL - Cooling unit: RIEDEL - Part evacuation with conveyor at position 6 - Cross drilling units at positions 3.1 and 4.1

Kondisi: bekas, TECHNICAL DATA - Number of spindles: 8 - Number of cam plates: 8 - Number of longitudinal stations: 8 - Max. bar capacity: round Ø 22 mm - Max. bar capacity: hexagonal 19 mm - Max. bar capacity: square 15 mm - Max. feed length: 60 mm - Number of spindle speeds: 20 - Spindle speed: 620 to 6,035 rpm - Number of camshaft speeds: 24 Lrsdpfx Afeuhap Rjvor - Max. production output: 1-50 pcs/min - Cross slide stroke: 30 mm - Max. stroke of independent feeds: 50 mm - Main motor power: 10 HP - Weight: 4,700 kg ACCESSORIES - Counter spindle with brake - Device for counter operations - Foot-operated drum - Bar feeder IEMCA PRA 40/33F - Chip conveyor

Kondisi: bekas, TECHNICAL DATA - Number of spindles: 2 - Number of axes: 6 - Number of turret heads: 3 MAIN SPINDLE - Spindle drive power: 29 kW - Spindle speed: 6000 rpm - Max. bar diameter: 65 mm - Minimum C-axis resolution: 0.001° SUB-SPINDLE - Spindle drive power: 4.2 kW - Spindle speed: 4500 rpm - Minimum C-axis resolution: 0.001° - Travel: 280 mm LEFT UPPER TURRET HEAD - Number of positions: 5 - Tool type: VDI25 RIGHT UPPER TURRET HEAD - Number of positions: 8 - Number of driven positions: 8 - Travel X/Z: 90/280 mm - Tool type: VDI25 - Driven tool speed: 4500 rpm - Driven tool power: 4.2 kW LEFT LOWER TURRET HEAD - Number of positions: 6 - Travel X/Z: 81/80 mm ELECTRICAL SUPPLY - Supply voltage: 400 V Lrodpsuhac Djfx Afvsr - Total connected load: 35 kW ACCESSORIES - Control: INDEX C200-4 - Coolant tank with high-pressure pump - Chip conveyor - Parts removal - Parts belt conveyor - Collet chuck

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2007, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, nomor mesin/kendaraan: 2MAZL000283, daya motor servo: 350 W, tegangan masuk: 230 V, jarak antara tiang: 70 mm, jenis arus masuk: AC (pendingin udara), kedalaman tenggorokan: 120 mm, panjang pemakanan sumbu X: 22 mm, panjang umpan sumbu Y: 78 mm, panjang umpan sumbu Z: 10 mm, sambungan pneumatik: 6 batang, JUKI MOL-254 – Автоматическая машина для пришивания шлёвок Высокоскоростной блок для производства джинсов – Видео-подтверждение (03/2026) Описание Продаётся автоматическая машина для пришивания шлёвок JUKI MOL-254, предназначенная для полностью автоматизированного изготовления шлёвок для джинсов, брюк и рабочей одежды. Это специализированная высокопроизводительная производственная установка, а не стандартная швейная машина. Оборудование осуществляет автоматическую подачу, отрезку, позиционирование и закрепку шлёвок с постоянной точностью и прочностью. Lsdsy Nd Hgspfx Afvsrr Аппарат использовался в профессиональном производстве одежды и предлагается в составе полного промышленного рабочего места. Видео в работе снято 05.03.2026 Обслуживание проведено 27.02.2026 Готова к промышленной эксплуатации Производительность Время одного цикла: примерно 1,2 секунды на одну шлёвку До 2 000 – 2 500 шлёвок за смену Одновременная закрепка сверху и снизу Постоянное качество симметрии и усиления Ключевые особенности Полностью автоматическая подача, отрезка и пришивание шлёвок Интегрированная закрепочная система Пневматическая система перемещения материала Цифровая панель управления JUKI Регулируемые параметры размера шлёвки Стабильная работа на плотных тканях, таких как деним и спецодежда Разработана для непрерывного промышленного использования Комплектация Узел машины JUKI MOL-254 Интегрированный двигатель и система привода Пневмосистема Промышленный стол с опорой Панель управления оператора Стойка для нитей Технические характеристики Производитель: JUKI, Япония Модель: MOL-254 Тип: Автоматическая машина для пришивания шлёвок Управление: Электронная система JUKI Привод: Промышленный мотор с пневмосистемой Назначение: Производство шлёвок Состояние Использовалась в промышленном производстве Полностью работоспособна Обслужена 27.02.2026 Доступна видео-демонстрация Типичные следы эксплуатации в фабричных условиях Продаётся в состоянии "как есть, где есть", без гарантии Применение Производство джинсов Изготовление рабочей одежды Производство брюк Автоматизированные линии пошива одежды Местонахождение Валга, Эстония Логистика Демонтаж и транспортировка осуществляются покупателем