Beli Woodturning Mesin Bubut Db 450 bekas (80.595)

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2006, Fungsionalitas: fungsi terbatas, Turning diameter: 650 mm Turning length: 1,500 mm Total power requirement: 33 kW Centre distance: 1,500 mm Swing diameter over bed: 650 mm Swing diameter in gap: 670 mm Swing diameter over cross slide: 260 mm Cross slide travel: 380 mm Main drive Drive power AC motor – 40/60/100 % DC: 33 / 27 / 22 kW Ijdpfx Aey Dtgxefistf Spindle box Spindle bore diameter: 106 mm Spindle diameter at front bearing: 140 mm Speed range (constant V): 1 – 2,000 rpm Cross slide Feed range (plan): 0.001 – 1,000 mm/rev Feed range (plan), optional up to: 5,000 mm/rev Feed range (longitudinal and thread pitch): 0.001 – 2,000 mm/rev Feed range (longitudinal and thread pitch), optional up to: 13,000 mm/rev Feed force, plan: 9,000 N Feed force, longitudinal: 12,000 N Automatic tool turret tool stations: 12 with driven tooling for 6 stations Tool holder system (DIN69880) VDI40 Equipment SIEMENS SINUMERIK 840D sl (ShopTurn with manual functions) COMBI operating panel C-axis with drilling, milling and engraving cycles Remainder material detection and machining – for removal and contour pockets MULTIFIX C, mounted at the front Three-jaw chuck SMW AUTOBLOK: HI-GRIP HGF260-81-3 Oil emulsion mist filter for work area extraction: MAHLE LTA600

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 1972, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, Diameter putar di atas alas: 1.650 mm Diameter putar di atas dudukan: 1.350 mm Panjang pembubutan: 10.000 mm Lebar alas: 1.120 mm Rentang kecepatan putar: 1,4 - 280 rpm Torsi maksimum, sekitar: 20.000 Nm Berat benda kerja di antara senter, maks.: 10.000 kg dengan 1 steady rest / lunette: 12.500 kg Perlengkapan Display digital 3-sumbu: ACU RITE 1 buah lunette (steady rest) Isdjy Dtd Rspfx Afijtf 1 buah penyangga rol

Kondisi: bekas, Mechanic's Lathe SCHAUBLIN Type 102 Machine No. 1998 Centre distance 350 mm Total bed length from headstock 635 mm Swing over bed 200 mm Centre height over bed 102 mm Swing over cross slide 120 mm Centre height over cross slide 61 mm Spindle bore 18/20 mm Spindle speeds gearbox stage 1 approx. 120 / 190 / 320 rpm Spindle speeds gearbox stage 2 approx. 590 / 970 / 1500 rpm Chuck flange external thread M38 x 3 mm Tailstock taper MK 1 Drive motor 0.55 kW, 920 rpm Itedpfxoy Dvf Ro Afijf Electrical connection 380 Volt, 50 Hz - Spindle speed via 2 gearbox stages and 3-position drive belt change - Main spindle forward and reverse - Spindle mount with M38 x 3 mm thread - 3-jaw scroll chuck Ø 128 mm with stepped jaws - Collet system with 6 round collets Ø 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 8 / 20 mm - Integrated index plate on the main spindle with 48 / 60 / 100 holes - Tool holder mount approx. 10 x 18 mm with clamping screw - Sturdy wooden base table with 42 mm laminated wood top Space required with table base L x W x H 1160 x 750 x 1300 mm Weight with table base 150 kg In good condition

Kondisi: diremaj di bengkel (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2015, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, MAZAK QUICK TURN SMART 200M 500U Itjdpoy D Awtofx Afijf Diameter pemesinan maks: 360 mm Panjang pemesinan maks: 532 mm Kecepatan milling maks: 4.500 rpm Kecepatan spindle maks: 5.000 rpm Diameter batang maks: 65 mm Mesin dilengkapi dengan: - Kontrol CNC Mazatrol Smart - Chuck tiga rahang KITAGAWA BB-208, diameter 210 mm - Tool Eye - Sumbu C - Antarmuka untuk magazine pemuat batang - Penangkap bagian otomatis - Tailstock NC - Pompa pendingin yang diperkuat - Konveyor serpihan, pembuangan samping - 8 pcs holder alat tetap - 2 pcs holder alat penggerak

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Lathe spinning tool, roller block, support roller - Support roller: heavy-duty design - Roller: Ø 145 mm Itedpfewvfwgsx Afijf - Square section: 73 x 26 mm, clamping length 180 mm - Quantity: 2 roller blocks available - Dimensions: 350/145/85 mm - Weight: 8.4 kg/each

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2005, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, panjang pembubutan: 500 mm, diameter pembubutan: 320 mm, fanuc-oi-td_cnc_steuerung_2024_translation Itsdoy Dqvwjpfx Afisf

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 1982, MESIN BUBUT VERTIKAL SC22 Tahun Pembuatan: 1982 Produsen: I.M. ROMAN (Rumania) Data teknis utama: - diameter meja: 2000 mm Ijdpfx Asyzxafsfijtf - ayunan maksimum: 2200 mm - tinggi maksimum benda kerja: 1500 mm - berat maksimum benda kerja: 12000 kg - rentang kecepatan meja: 2 – 92 rpm - perjalanan vertikal sumbu Z kepala rel: 1200 mm - motor utama, tipe DC: 55KW - berat mesin sekitar 31000 kg Aksesoris: 4 rahang untuk pelat muka Mesin dalam kondisi terpasang listrik. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut silakan hubungi kami.

Kondisi: hampir baru (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2025, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, berat keseluruhan: 585 kg, daya: 2 kW (2,72 hp), Perlengkapan: dokumentasi / manual, Penjualan dari lokasi gudang Albert-Proeller-Straße 9a, 86675 Buchdorf Fitur: Batang bulat 5 – 80 mm Panjang batang 500 – 1.615 mm Magasin MP tersedia 600 mm Magasin F tersedia Tidak Batang segi enam 5 – 65 mm Kepala spindle tetap ya Magasin UP tersedia Tidak Batang persegi 5 – 50 mm Kepala spindle bergerak Tidak Magasin P tersedia Tidak Waktu pergantian batang 30 detik Berat batang 60 kg Itodpfoy Dcz Esx Afijf Magasin dapat dialihkan Ya Jumlah spindle 1 Udara tekan Tidak Kecepatan umpan 750 mm/dtk Berat pengisi batang 585 kg

Kondisi: siap digunakan (bekas), Mesin Bubut, Bubut CA6140, mesin bekas Dimensi keseluruhan: 2700 × 1140 × 1750 mm Daya terpasang: 7,5 kW Diameter ayun di atas alas: 400 mm Diameter ayun di atas carriage: 210 mm Itodpfexacx Hox Afisf Jarak antara senter: 1000 mm Kecepatan spindle: 16–1400 rpm (24 langkah) Lebar alas: 400 mm Ukuran batang alat: 25 × 25 mm

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 1991, Panel kontrol setinggi mata Aigner dengan penghenti integral termasuk feeder dengan kereta dorong (tanpa penggaris penghenti). Penghenti frais dengan indikator digital dan mekanisme swing away. Lokasi penyimpanan: Nattheim. Isdjyi A Tdspfx Afietf

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2020, produsen pengendali: Siemens, model controller: 840 Dsl, Description: General: Maximum workpiece diameter: 140 mm Chuck diameter: 250 mm Maximum turning length: 700 mm Track I: Tool carrier I: Tool turret (X/Z) Tool drive: 9,600 rpm, 44 Nm Tool holder: BMT Number of stations: 11 + 1 part gripper X-axis: 310 mm Z-axis: 1,115 mm Position measuring systems (X/Z): Direct (glass scales) Track II: Main spindle (OP10): Moving motor spindle Speed: 5,000 rpm Power: 33.9 kW Torque: 231 Nm Chuck: Collet chuck Clamping cylinder: Full clamping cylinder, hydraulic Contact control: Pneumatic W-axis: 772 mm C-axis: 0.01° Position measuring system (W): Direct (glass scale) Counter spindle (OP20): Motor spindle Speed: 5,000 rpm Power: 33.9 kW Torque: 231 Nm Chuck: 2+2 jaw power chuck Clamping cylinder: Full clamping cylinder, hydraulic C-axis: 0.01° Track III: Tool carrier II: Tool turret (X/Y/Z) Tool drive: 9,600 rpm, 44 Nm Tool holder: BMT Number of stations: 11 + 1 part gripper X-axis: 310 mm Y-axis: 50 mm Z-axis: 1,115 mm Position measuring systems (X/Z): Direct (glass scales) Track IV: Main spindle (OP30): Moving motor spindle Speed: 5,000 rpm Power: 33.9 kW Torque: 231 Nm Chuck: Collet chuck Clamping cylinder: Full clamping cylinder, hydraulic Contact control: Pneumatic W-axis: 988 mm C-axis: 0.01° Position measuring system (W): Direct (glass scale) Tailstock: Fixed position Itodpfx Afsy A U I Isijf Quill: Hydraulic with travel monitoring Track V: Tool carrier III: Milling/turning turret (X/Z) Tool drive: 1,000 rpm, 240 Nm Tool holder: HSK-63 Number of stations: 5 + 1 part gripper X-axis: 310 mm Z-axis: 1,115 mm Position measuring systems (X/Z): Direct (glass scales) Automation: Infeed conveyor: O-design, 18 base carriers Outfeed conveyor: O-design, 18 base carriers Part transfer: 3x grippers on tool turret Maximum workpiece diameter: 140 mm Maximum workpiece height: 630 mm Maximum workpiece weight: 20 kg Equipment / Accessories: Position measuring systems: Direct (glass scales) Chip disposal: Chip conveyor Workpiece measurement: Renishaw OMP Coolant supply: High-pressure coolant system with filter, 17 bar Coolant temperature control: Immersion recooler Emulsion mist separator: Mechanical Software option I: Turning/milling operation Software option II: Automatic retraction Software option III: Sister tool management

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2017, produsen pengendali: Siemens, model controller: 840Dsl, Description: Main Spindle: Technology: Motor spindle Speed: 4,000 rpm Power (max.): 29 kW Torque (max.): 250 Nm Bar capacity: 76 mm Sub Spindle: Technology: Motor spindle Speed: 5,000 rpm Power (max.): 29 kW Torque (max.): 250 Nm Ejector: Pneumatic Z-axis travel: 800 mm Turret I (X/Y/Z): Technology: 12-station turret Tool holder: VDI30 Driven tools: 5,000 rpm, 6.7 kW, 25 Nm Travel in X/Y/Z: 260/100/800 mm Rapid traverse in X/Y/Z: 30/12/30 m/min Turret II (X/Z): Technology: 12-station turret Tool holder: VDI30 Itjdpfjy A U Izox Afief Driven tools: 5,000 rpm, 6.7 kW, 25 Nm Travel in X/Z: 210/800 mm Rapid traverse in X/Z: 30 m/min Equipment/Options: Chip management: Chip conveyor Coolant management: High-pressure coolant system with paper band filter, 40 bar Raw material feed I: Robot interface prepared Raw material feed II: Bar feeder interface prepared Finished parts discharge: Workpiece removal unit with conveyor belt Oil mist extraction: Interface prepared Tool holders: Various fixed and driven holders Additional equipment: Automatic work area door, cleaning pistol

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2004, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, TD20240619-DE001 Itsdpfxsy Dpvvs Afief

Kondisi: sangat baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2012, Kontrol: Fanuc 0i-TD Aksesori: - berbagai dudukan - berbagai alat bertenaga - Sumbu C, alat bertenaga Iodpfx Aoy Dqb Tjfistf Diameter putar maksimum: Ø 500 mm Panjang putar maksimum: 600 mm Lubang batang: Ø 75,5 mm Kecepatan spindle: 3.500 rpm Hidung spindle: A2 - 8 Berat mesin: 6.700 kg

Kondisi: bekas, WEILER Commodor termasuk indikator digital 3-sumbu Heidenhain - Indikator digital 3-sumbu / Heidenhain Itodpey Dcppjfx Afief - Ketinggian senter 180 mm - Diameter putar di atas tempat tidur 330 mm - Jarak antara senter 1000 mm - Lubang spindel 56 mm - Kecepatan spindel 25–2000 rpm - Feed otomatis longitudinal / datar - Ulir / metrik / inci / modul dll. - Dudukan dasar Multifix dengan sisipan - Pelindung chuck - 2x tombol darurat - Chuck tiga rahang - Pelindung chip belakang - Kondisi sangat terawat - Kaki mesin - Dokumentasi Dimensi: P x L x T 2,3 x 1,2 x 1,6 meter / Berat 1600 kg Kesalahan dan salah input data dapat terjadi.

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Please read the technical specifications in full. If you are considering this machine as an investment, we kindly request your complete identification including a correct phone number and email address in order to submit a quotation. WEILER Precision Lathe MATADOR with HEIDENHAIN 3-axis digital readout Iedpfx Ajxx S Hdefietf Year of manufacture: approx. 1980, retrofitted with emergency stop and electrically interlocked chuck guard. Centre height: 145 mm Centre distance: 500 mm Swing diameter over cross slide: 160 mm Spindle nose: DIN 55022 Gr. 5 Spindle bore: 36 mm Spindle speeds: 30 – 3,000 rpm Motor power: approx. 3.0 kW Tailstock quill: MT 3 Quill stroke: 90 mm Weight: approx. 620 kg Dimensions: 1420 x 700 x 1200 mm Technical data subject to change without notice! Robust leadscrew/feed shaft lathe for the workshop and professional DIY user Condition: good Equipment: - 3-axis precision digital readout HEIDENHAIN - Quick-action lever collet chuck - Electrically interlocked chuck guard - Multifix tool post size A - 3-jaw chuck - Coolant system - Machine feet - Chip guard at rear - Machine lamp - Bed stop - Emergency stop button - Lockable tool compartment - Automatic feeds for longitudinal and face carriage Safety features: – Electrically interlocked chuck guard – Emergency stop button – Brake motor Available from March 2026.

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2004, translation_001 Iodpfx Afey A Tdbjiotf

Kondisi: bekas, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, lubang spindel: 65 mm, diameter pembubutan di atas alas geser: 520 mm, Mesin bubut utama dan tunda Merk: Heidenreich & Harbeck Tipe VDF Data Teknis Merek: Heidenreich & Harbeck Itedsy A H Akopfx Afief Tipe: VDF Tahun pembuatan: tidak diketahui Kontrol: konvensional Jarak antara senter: 1500 mm Diameter putar di atas alas: 520 mm Lubang spindle: 65 mm Dimensi: P 3,60 x L 1,20 x T 1,50 m Berat mesin: sekitar 4 ton Perlengkapan - Tampilan digital 2 sumbu - Penggaris 1.500mm tidak tersedia Seluruh informasi tanpa jaminan. Demonstrasi dengan arus listrik dapat dilakukan kapan saja di ruang pamer kami.

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 1995, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, nomor mesin/kendaraan: 1372, panjang pembubutan: 350 mm, jarak pergerakan sumbu X: 150 mm, jarak gerak sumbu Z: 250 mm, tinggi total: 2.300 mm, panjang total: 4.000 mm, lebar total: 2.000 mm, berat keseluruhan: 3.000 kg, produsen pengendali: MORI SEIKI, model controller: MSC-518, jumlah slot dalam magazin alat: 8, MORI SEIKI CL-20 B Mesin Bubut CNC - Tegangan operasi: 400 V Frekuensi: 50 Hz Arus nominal: 55 A Mesin dilengkapi dengan turret alat 8 posisi serta chuck tiga rahang, diameter: 250 mm. Catatan: Barang harus diambil secara wajib antara tanggal 07 dan 09 Juli 2026 pada waktu yang akan disepakati. FCA D-71263 Weil der Stadt – dimuat di atas truk. Iedpfx Afey Dcnloiotf

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 1992, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, nomor mesin/kendaraan: 1578, panjang pembubutan: 600 mm, jarak pergerakan sumbu X: 150 mm, jarak gerak sumbu Z: 350 mm, tinggi total: 2.000 mm, panjang total: 4.000 mm, lebar total: 2.000 mm, berat keseluruhan: 5.000 kg, produsen pengendali: MORI SEIKI, model controller: MORIC-T 6 F, jumlah slot dalam magazin alat: 10, Perlengkapan: konveyor serpihan, MORI SEIKI SL-15 Mesin Bubut CNC Mesin ini dilengkapi dengan tailstock, turret alat 10-posisi, serta chuck tiga rahang, diameter: 160 mm, juga conveyor serpihan. Perhatian: Barang harus diambil secara wajib antara 07 dan 09 Juli 2026 pada tanggal yang masih akan dikoordinasikan. FCA D-71263 Weil der Stadt – dimuat di atas truk Itsdpsy Dcm Isfx Afief

Kondisi: sangat baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2004, Year of manufacture: 2004 Sauter 8-position turret VDI 20 + driven tools at all stations Main spindle holding brake C-axis with interpolation Reinforced coolant pump: 2.3 bar / 28 l/min Control: Heidenhain MANUAL PLUS (cycle control) Monitor: 10.4" TFT VGA colour screen Working Area & Capacity Swing diameter: 320 mm (over bed) / 150 mm (over cross slide) Centre distance: 750 mm Cross travel: 185 mm Spindle bore: 56.6 mm Spindle nose: Size 6 (to DIN 55027) / Taper MK 6 Drive power (AC): 9 kW (at 100% duty cycle) Max. torque: 410 Nm Speed range: 20 – 4,000 rpm (in 2 gear stages) Stage 1: 20 – 1,000 rpm Stage 2: 40 – 4,000 rpm Iodpfx Asy Dckaefistf Feed & Axes Rapid traverse (X/Z): 8 / 10 m/min Feed rate: 5 m/min Feed force: 300 daN (X) / 600 daN (Z) C-axis: Interpolating (option included) Tool Carrier & Tailstock Turret: 8-position disc turret (Sauter), all stations powered Driven tool speed: up to 6,000 rpm (3.8 kW) Tool system: VDI 20 (DIN 69880) Tailstock: quill diameter 70 mm, stroke 120 mm, taper MK 5 Dimensions & Capacities Dimensions (LxWxH): approx. 2,600 x 1,915 x 1,730 mm Weight: approx. 2,200 kg Coolant tank: approx. 70 litres Fixed steady rest with rollers, guiding diameter 10–115 mm Travelling steady rest with rollers, guiding diameter 10–115 mm Three-jaw chuck Schunk Rota Splus 200-52 J 6, high precision Quick-clamping chuck with lever, SSF 40/6 Ortlieb, collet 173 E Preparation for faceplate operation, including speed monitoring with separate adjustable speed control. Tooling equipment: fixed tool holders and driven tool holders Jaws / hard and soft Collets 173 E The machine was used for single-part production in prototype manufacturing. Very low spindle hours Immediately available.

Tahun pembuatan: 1985, Kondisi: bekas, Jarak antara senter: 1200 mm Perangkat penyalin: Ya Daya motor: 1,5 kW Kecepatan putaran: 870 / 1400 / 2100 rpm Ijdpfsy A Hiqjx Afiotf

Kondisi: sangat baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 1997, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, nomor mesin/kendaraan: 1114.3705-24, Used CNC Lathe Manufacturer: Boehringer Model: VDF 250Cm Year of Manufacture: 1997 VDF Boehringer 250C The machine is equipped with the following features: - 1000 mm turning length - No tailstock - Driven tools - Special swiveling chuck - Siemens 840C CNC control The Boehringer VDF 250 Cm is a CNC lathe designed for chuck workpieces. It is distinguished by its robust construction and high-precision machining capabilities. Technical Specifications (1997 Model Year) Working Area: - Swing diameter over bed: 550 mm - Swing diameter over cross slide: 480 mm - X-axis travel: 405 mm - Z-axis travel: 1,099 mm - Maximum turning length: 1,000 mm (No) Tailstock: Tool Turret: - Number of stations: 12 - Tool holding: VDI 50 DIN 69880 - Driven tools: YES Spindle: - Spindle nose: 8 DIN 55026 - Spindle bore: 103 mm - Max. chuck diameter: 315 mm - Max. drive power (50% duty cycle): 53 kW - Max. torque: 780 Nm - Speed range: 30–3,000 rpm Feed Rates: - Automatic feeds: 1–10,000 mm/min - Rapid traverse speed: 10 m/min (X and Z axis) - Max. feed force: 15 kN Dimensions and Weight: - Machine dimensions (L × W × H): approx. 5,400 × 3,200 × 2,400 mm - Machine weight: approx. 11,000 kg Equipment: - Swiveling control panel - HYDROKRAFT hydraulic system - Coolant system with 600 l tank, pump pressure max. 5.5 bar, flow rate 60 l/min, pump power 1.1 kW - Chip conveyor with 325 l tank capacity, right-hand discharge - 3-jaw power chuck - Oil mist extraction - Electrical cabinet with cooling unit and temperature control by RITTAL Control: - SIEMENS SINUMERIK 840 C Itedpjwlap Aofx Afijf Variants and Differences There are several variants of the VDF 250 series, such as the VDF 250 CU, which may feature different controls (e.g., PHILIPS B2T) and technical specifications. Some models are equipped with driven tools and a tailstock, whereas others are designed as pure chucking machines without tailstock. Conclusion The Boehringer VDF 250 Cm is a versatile CNC lathe noted for its rigidity and precision. With its robust design and comprehensive features, it is ideal for processing chuck workpieces in various production environments.

Kondisi: seperti baru (mesin pameran), EX-DEMO MACHINE For sale is an as-new Drechselmeister Stratos FU 230 LV (Long Version) woodturning lathe, turning machine, featuring a center distance of approx. 1,000 mm / 1 meter. The exhibition machine is in its original condition, so you receive the full warranty. Technical Specifications: - Center height: 230 mm - Swing diameter: 455 mm (up to 800 mm with optional outboard turning device!) - Center distance: approx. 955 mm with the SPECIAL MODEL STRATOS FU-230 LV (can be further extended with optional bed extension!) - Spindle thread: M33 x 3.5 (hardened) with ASR (Euro) safety groove* - Spindle and tailstock taper: MT2 - Speeds (2 belt ranges): 60 – 1,350 rpm and 180 – 3,750 rpm - Quill travel: 100 mm (with scale and trapezoidal thread) - Motor: 1.5 kW / 2 HP (230 V connection) - Weight SPECIAL MODEL LV: 195 kg Iedpfetpxw Asx Afietf The machine is located at A-5431 Kuchl and can be inspected any time during our opening hours. Subject to prior sale! Freight shipping: Austria: €105.00 incl. VAT Germany: €125.00 incl. VAT South Tyrol: €150.00 incl. VAT If you are interested in this machine, please provide your complete address details in the contact form so we can process your inquiry seriously! Thank you, your NEUREITER Team Related keywords: woodturning machine, lathe, turning lathe, wood lathe, woodturning, turning tools, wood turning, machine Reference: R-A0117

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 1979, Mesin Bubut Vertikal Kolom Tunggal BERTHIEZ TM500 SP Produsen: Berthiez (Prancis) Model: TM500 SP Tahun pembuatan: 1979 Data teknis utama: Diameter meja: 6300 mm Diameter pembubutan maksimum: 15000 mm Tinggi kerja maksimum: 4000 mm Iedpfox A U Rajx Afietf Perjalanan lengan: 3600 mm Daya motor utama: 100 kW Beban maksimum yang diizinkan pada pelat muka: 80 ton Ukuran ram: 360x360 mm Berat mesin sekitar 230 ton Mesin ini dapat melakukan operasi bubut dan milling. Jangan ragu untuk menghubungi kami untuk informasi lebih lanjut.