Beli Cml Gergaji Multi-Pisau bekas (12.013)

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Saw blade, wood saw blade, circular saw blade, metal circular saw blade, carbide-tipped saw blade, segment circular saw blade, copying saw blade, saw blade copying blade -Manufacturer: Wagner, copying saw blade Ø 725 x 6 mm -Bore: Ø: 32 mm -Pitch circle: mm -Number of teeth: 72, see photos Tedpfevzmwaox Abvoc -Weight: 26 kg

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Saw blade, wood saw blade, circular saw blade, metal circular saw blade, carbide saw blade, segment circular saw blade, saw blade copier blade, saw blade-copy blade -Manufacturer: Wagner, saw blade copier blade Ø 825 x 6 mm -Bore: Ø 32 mm -PCD: mm -Number of teeth: see photo -Weight: 23 kg Tjdpsvzmpcjfx Abvec

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Saw blade, wood saw blade, circular saw blade, metal circular saw blade, carbide saw blade, segment circular saw blade, copying saw blade, copying saw blade -Manufacturer: Wagner, copying saw blade Ø 815 x 6 mm -Bore: Ø 32 mm -Bolt circle: mm -Number of teeth: see photo Tedpfjvzmqyox Abvec -Weight: 28 kg

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Circular saw blade, wood saw blade, circular saw blade, metal circular saw blade, carbide-tipped saw blade, segment circular saw blade, copying saw blade, saw blade copy blade Tedpfx Abjvzmvisvjc -Manufacturer: Wagner, copying saw blade Ø 725 x 6 mm -Bore: Ø 32 mm -Bolt circle: mm -Number of teeth: see photo -Weight: 26 kg

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Saw blade, wood saw blade, circular saw blade, metal circular saw blade, carbide-tipped saw blade, segment circular saw blade, copier saw blade, saw blade copier blade - Manufacturer: Wagner, copier saw blade Ø 560 x 6.5 mm - Bore diameter: Ø 32 mm Tsdpfjvzmx Dox Abvec - Bolt hole circle: mm - Number of teeth: 120, see photos - Weight: 12 kg

Kondisi: sangat baik (bekas), Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, Gergaji potong melintang multi-blade untuk produksi balok dan semifabrikasi bubut TRV Jumlah gergaji: 11 Tjdpfxjy T H Ris Abvsc Tinggi maksimal elemen: 70 mm Panjang maksimal balok: 820 mm Daya motor utama: 18,5 kW

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Alber sharpening machine for bandsaw blades Blade width: 50 - 206 mm Tooth pitch: 20 - 50 mm Tedpfeglui Aex Abvoc

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, I am selling this robust industrial longitudinal saw RS-ES-800 KUSING. The machine is in stock in Kežmarok (Slovakia). This is a heavy-duty industrial rip saw designed for processing softwood and hardwood with larger cross-sections and multiple saw blades. Technical specifications: • Number of saw blades: up to 15 units (+ 3 units on the movable unit) • Motor power: 37 kW (standard), customizable • Machine weight: 3,500 kg • Pressure roller lift: Electric, controlled via external control panel • Saw blade positioning: Electric, computer-controlled • Number of feed rollers: 6 + 3 (top and bottom) • Feed roller: Positioned in front of the riving knives for fast ripping operations Tedpfxsx Uty To Abvoc • Extraction system: Top and bottom dust extraction for maximum cleanliness • Material width: 800 mm Multi-blade solution: - Possibility to install up to 15 saw blades + 3 movable saw blades. - Movable unit with a separate compartment for 3 saw blades (110 mm length each). Performance: - Standard motor 37 kW (customizable). - Feed motor 1.5 kW. Material feed: - Total of 9 feed rollers (6 + 3) ensure consistent feed and prevent twisting of the timber during cutting. - The front pull roller in front of the riving knives minimizes kickback and significantly improves the feeding of boards or tall beams. Electrical control: - The lifting of the pressure rollers and saw blade positioning are controlled electronically via an external control panel. This facilitates quick setup for ripping operations. Optimal dust extraction: - Integrated extraction systems in the upper and lower sections of the machine guarantee maximum cleanliness in the working area. Easy maintenance: - The special design allows the upper cover to be folded up. This enables rapid and uncomplicated maintenance and cleaning of the machine. A key feature of this machine is the front pull roller, which is mounted before the riving knives and therefore prevents kickback. This speeds up the material feed and is particularly helpful when feeding tall beams, as the resistance from the riving knives does not have to be overcome and the machine automatically feeds the material. Thanks to the three pull rollers, twisting of the material during cutting is prevented, which improves cut quality. The machine features excellent top and bottom dust extraction for maximum cleanliness. The machine is designed to be especially easy to maintain and clean. The upper cover can be folded up, allowing the operator easy access for cleaning.

Kondisi: sangat baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 1997, Frame Saw FTAA-60 manufactured by FOD Bydgoszcz. Machine after technical inspection. Year of manufacture: 1997 Included in the set: - frame saw - hydraulic feed carriage - auxiliary carriage - distribution device - control cabinet - rollers Todpfx Abev Acnqjvsc

Kondisi: sangat baik (bekas), NOMOR KATALOG: 7946 Spesifikasi Teknis: - lebar rantai 300mm - lebar kerja rol 300mm - diameter maksimum mata pisau 350mm Tjdpfxszr U Hts Abvec - diameter lubang mata pisau 70mm - tinggi pemotongan maksimum 120mm - lebar meja dengan perluasan 1030mm - panjang meja 1840mm – dari atas: - pengarah (penghalang untuk mencegah material bergerak mundur) 2 baris - rol geser, logam, penekan - pengarah - rol geser, logam, penekan - rol dengan mata pisau - 2 rol geser halus, logam – dari bawah: - rel pemandu - pengarah - rantai - laser - pelumasan sentral rantai - pengaturan kecepatan umpan yang halus - motor umpan 1,1kW - motor utama 18,5kW - diameter saluran hisap 200mm - dimensi keseluruhan panjang/lebar/tinggi 1900x1800x1600mm - berat 1770kg Keunggulan: - produksi Italia - dilengkapi laser - tidak dicat - kondisi sangat baik - mesin pemotong multi Harga bersih: 55900 PLN Harga bersih: 13000 EUR Harga bersih dihitung berdasarkan nilai tukar 4,30 PLN/EUR (harga dapat berubah jika terjadi fluktuasi nilai tukar yang signifikan)

Kondisi: bekas, SPESIFIKASI TEKNIS: - panjang 5600 mm - lebar 600 mm - tekanan pneumatik Tjdpfx Ajzwn Eaobvjc - tinggi dari dasar 1160 mm +/- 50 mm Dimensi - 600x90x160

Kondisi: bekas, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, Mesin Pemotong Multi-mata Ogam PO 280 Todpfxjzntxtj Abvsc Lebar rantai 300mm Ketinggian kerja maksimum 120mm Diameter cakram maksimum 350mm Pengaturan manual poros atas/bawah Pengaturan manual penekan

Kondisi: diremajakan ulang (bekas), daya: 18,39 kW (25,00 hp), COSMEC model SM 100 MESIN MULTI RIP SAW OTOMATIS Ketinggian potong maks: 100 mm Tsdpjzf I Dljfx Abvjc Lebar rantai pemakan: 250 mm Diameter maksimal mata gergaji: 300 mm Lubang mata gergaji: 70 mm + 2 kunci Daya motor utama: 25 HP (18 kW) Panjang papan minimal yang dapat dipotong: 500 mm Kecepatan pemakanan dapat disesuaikan Mesin dalam kondisi kerja, sepenuhnya direkondisi, dengan pelat baru pada sabuk pemakan.

Kondisi: sangat baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2007, Mesin gergaji multi-pisau poros merek FOD BYDGOSZCZ* DPPD III 50E 530/150 Nomor katalog: 7405 SPESIFIKASI TEKNIS - Tinggi pemotongan maksimum: 150mm - Lebar elemen maksimum: 700mm - Lebar poros kerja dengan gergaji: 530mm - Diameter gergaji maksimum: 450mm (terpasang 350mm) 350mm - Diameter lubang mata gergaji: 90mm Dari atas: - Ratchet Tsdpfx Abszulwzsvec - 2 poros penggerak, bergerigi Dari bawah: - 2 poros penggerak, halus - Poros dengan gergaji - Poros penggerak, halus - 4 jenis kecepatan umpan - Motor umpan sekitar 2kW - Motor 30kW - Dimensi mesin (panjang/lebar/tinggi): 2400x1700x1900mm - Berat sekitar 3000kg – Produksi Polandia – Mesin bekas, kondisi sangat baik Harga netto: 38900 PLN Harga netto: 9047 EUR, tergantung pada nilai tukar 4,30 EUR (Harga dapat berubah sewaktu-waktu sesuai dengan fluktuasi nilai tukar) * Perusahaan MAR-MASZ menjamin kualitas pembelian Anda, tetapi bukan merupakan perwakilan resmi dari produsen. Semua merek dagang dan nama digunakan hanya untuk tujuan informasi, yang memungkinkan identifikasi produk. Kami hanya menjual kembali produk yang sebelumnya telah dipasarkan oleh produsen. Kami tidak memiliki hubungan bisnis dengan produsen.

Kondisi: bekas, Mesin gergaji pita multi-mata bekas, merek Weinig / Raimann, tipe Unirip 310, untuk pemotongan dan pemrosesan kayu secara profesional dalam industri pengolahan kayu. Mesin ini dirancang untuk pekerjaan pemotongan memanjang yang umum dengan beberapa mata gergaji dan dilengkapi dengan sistem Quickfix untuk penegangan hidraulik yang cepat. Data teknis: Todpfx Aoz E R Epebvec - Lebar pemotongan: 310 mm - Motor: 30 kW - Diameter spindel: 65 mm - Kecepatan umpan: 5 - 35 m/menit - Lebar rantai: 340 mm - Tinggi pemotongan: maks. 115 mm

Kondisi: siap digunakan (bekas), Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, daya: 0,004 kW (0,01 hp), ketinggian potong (maks.): 250 mm, lebar pemotongan (maks.): 450 mm, diameter mata gergaji: 400 mm, berat keseluruhan: 7.500 kg, Double-shaft Multi-blade Saw 2x110 kW TOS SVITAVY PWR 422 – Czech made – Double-shaft – Technical documentation (DTR) included TECHNICAL DATA: – Max cutting height: 250 mm – Track width: 450 mm – Shaft width: 450 mm – Blade bore diameter: 80 mm – Shaft diameter: 60 mm – Min blade diameter: 300 mm – Max blade diameter: 400 mm – Max width of incoming material: 860 mm – Min length of material to be processed: 1,500 mm * From above: – kickbacks: + – feed shaft, pneumatic metal pressure: + – kickbacks: + – feed shaft, metal, pneumatically pressed: + – pressure: + – saw blade shaft: + – pressure: + – 2 metal feed shafts, pneumatically pressed: + * From below: – metal slip roller: + – guide: + – kickbacks: + – track: + – saw blade shaft: + – track: + Tjdperi Nvvsfx Abvec – Smooth feed speed regulation via inverter: 4-40 m/min – Main motors: 2x110 kW – Feed motor: approx. 3 kW – Electric upper/lower carriage lifting: 0.55 kW – Electric saw shaft adjustment: 2x0.18 kW – Central lubrication – Extractor diameter: 2x300 mm – Dimensions (LxWxH): 3,400 x 2,650 x 2,200 mm – Weight approx.: 7,500 kg

Kondisi: baik (bekas), I am offering a multi-blade saw manufactured by TOS Svitavy (Czech production), model PKSN32. Cutting height under the blade: 120 mm (adjustable) Cutting width on the conveyor belt: max. 30 mm Open design allows for feeding wider workpieces Main motor: 45 kW Maximum diameter of main saw blade: 350 mm Feed speed adjustable via variator, up to 36 m/min Total weight: approx. 3,500 kg Tjdpfx Aomk E D Isbvoc Includes saw blades and spacer rings The machine is in stock in Kežmarok, Slovakia, and available immediately.

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Cutting width 450 mm Weight 5,500 kg Working height 850 mm WINTER multi-blade saw MULTIMAX 175 M4 + VISUAL OPTIMIZATION SYSTEM VISUAL OPTIMIZATION SYSTEM: The operator places the raw boards onto the chain conveyor. The crossfeed is started by pressing a manual button. While the board is being transported beneath the visual measuring system, it is measured from above. The determined usable board width serves as the basis for 2D optimization. The line can be operated in two modes: 1. Automatic mode without consideration of quality The detected usable board surface is optimized in accordance with the pre-programmed width/length combinations. 2. Semi-automatic mode with quality offset The usable board surface can be corrected by marking different quality zones across the board width. Quality marking is done via the touchscreen. Optimized boards are handed over to the infeed and positioning system, which fixes the board using two positioning hooks. Conveyor belts and upper pressure rollers guide the board precisely into the MULTIMAX 175 M4. Function: The board measurement takes place during the crossfeed. To ensure proper measurement, the narrow side of the board must face upwards. Automatic measurement provides information on: Total width of the board Position and width of the board edge Effective usable width Board length (within the permitted grid) By entering an offset, parts of the board edge can be permitted for certain products. 2D Optimization Program: Width: Optimization based solely on width according to cut list for maximum material yield. Price: Additionally, prices are stored in the cut list; the system optimizes for maximum value. Quantity: Required quantities are considered, allowing the machine to process orders quickly. Based on the stored lengths and widths, the vision system performs a complete 2D optimization. All input data is saved and analyzed, allowing any cut to be checked at any time. The quality functions module allows the operator to overwrite the measured board width and define quality zones. The updated optimization is displayed on the touchscreen. Up to four quality levels are possible. However, the quality offset function reduces the maximum line throughput. Technical parameters Feed speed 50 m/min Maximum infeed width 800 mm Tsdpfxeyk Icgo Abvoc Infeed length 800–4000 mm Feed platform motor power 0.75 kW Working height 870 mm Number of cross chains 6 Chain length 2850 mm Conveyor weight 1.2 t Visual scan system weight 1.8 t Servo power of positioning hooks 2 × 800 W Horizontal feed speed 20 m/min Horizontal feed motor power 0.75 kW Longitudinal feed speed 10–60 m/min Longitudinal feed motor power 1.5 kW Infeed system weight 1.4 t MULTIMAX 175 M4: Function: Optimization software for controlling the movable saw units includes: Industrial PC with touchscreen - Input of saw lists, display of optimization results, machine status, error messages Multifunction handheld device for quality marking and width measurement Laser for width measurement Each handheld unit controls a freely positionable saw arbor Software opti...

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 1997, nomor mesin/kendaraan: 2629, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, daya: 33,5 kW (45,55 hp), Perlengkapan: pelindung bilah gergaji, COSMEC SM 400, Gergaji Melingkar Industri Dijual: Gergaji melingkar industri berat, COSMEC SM 400 Tedpszq Rmtofx Abvec COSMEC SM 400 ini adalah gergaji melingkar industri yang kokoh, dirancang untuk pengolahan kayu profesional. Mesin ini berasal dari pabrik penggergajian profesional dan dikenal karena konstruksinya yang kuat, keandalannya, dan masa pakainya yang lama. Spesifikasi Teknis Produsen: COSMEC Model: SM 400 Tahun pembuatan: 1997 Nomor seri: 2629 Diameter mata gergaji: 300–400 mm Kecepatan maksimum: 3.400 rpm Daya terpasang: 33,5 kW Tegangan: 380 V Frekuensi: 50 Hz Berat: 2.800 kg Mesin ini cocok untuk penggunaan industri berkelanjutan dan dirancang untuk memberikan kinerja yang akurat dan andal dalam kondisi kerja yang berat. Penjualan mencakup mata gergaji tambahan dan suku cadang. Mesin dapat diperiksa saat beroperasi dengan perjanjian sebelumnya. Permintaan serius dipersilakan, dan calon pembeli diundang untuk mengajukan penawaran yang kompetitif.

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2010, nomor mesin/kendaraan: 10A46 & 10A47, Fungsionalitas: fungsi terbatas, daya: 110 kW (149,56 hp), tegangan masuk: 400 V, frekuensi input: 50 Hz, jenis arus masuk: tiga fasa, ketinggian potong (maks.): 160 mm, lebar pemotongan (maks.): 650 mm, panjang total: 20.000 mm, lebar total: 2.000 mm, tinggi total: 2.100 mm, tinggi meja: 850 mm, PENAWAN TERBATAS. Diproduksi pada tahun 2010 oleh merek Italia ternama, A. Costa Righi, peralatan pertukangan profesional ini terdiri dari gergaji pita serbaguna LEONE yang kokoh dan mesin pemotong silang MAXI-CUT. Saat ini, peralatan ini tersedia dalam kondisi keseluruhan yang baik hingga sedang, meskipun saat ini disimpan dalam keadaan sebagian terurai di gudang kami. Todpszxx Dvsfx Abvoc

Kondisi: sangat baik (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2004, Gergaji multi-blade Raimann ProfiRip KR 310 M (2 flensa bergerak) dengan paket gergaji potong HOLTEC ES 121SHKA dan sistem ekstraksi Hurrican Model: Raimann ProfiRip KR 310 M Tahun pembuatan: 2004 (diperbaharui 2022) Gergaji multi-blade dengan 2 mata gergaji yang dapat diatur Detail teknis: Gauge track: 340 mm Lebar lintasan maksimum: maksimal 950 mm (biasa 800 mm) Tinggi pemotongan dengan/tanpa pelat penekan: 115 mm / 130 mm Panjang benda kerja: minimal 450 mm Diameter maksimum mata gergaji: 380 mm Diameter minimum mata gergaji: 250 mm Lubang mata gergaji: 80 mm Diameter poros gergaji: 65 mm Kecepatan poros gergaji: 3900 rpm Motor: 30 kW Lampu pemandu laser: 3 buah Tekanan operasi: 6 bar Tedoz Altfjpfx Abvoc Kecepatan pengumpanan variabel: 8-48 m/menit Motor pengumpan: 1,5 kW Tegangan: 400V / 50Hz

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Cutting width 450 mm Operating voltage 400 V Weight 5500 kg WINTER multi-blade saw with 4 electronically adjustable saws MULTIMAX 175 M4 MULTIMAX 175 M4: Function: Optimization software for controlling the moveable saw units includes: Industrial computer with touchscreen - Input of cutting lists, display of optimization results, machine status, error messages Multifunctional hand device for quality marking and width measurement Laser for width measurement Each manual control unit operates a freely positionable saw spindle Software optimizes considering material yield, value, and productivity. All production data is stored, monitored, and analyzed. Todpjyk H Unofx Abvjc Additional features: Independent control panel (cable length 6 m) Mist lubrication system for the saw spindles FIX laser (manually adjustable) for indicating saw blade position Moveable lasers per saw spindle (synchronized with blade position) Lasers can already indicate the next cutting solution while the previous board is still being sawn Infeed system Automatic infeed "Easy Feed" with powered pressure rollers Continuously variable feed speed High-performance transport chain with hardened guide pins Hardened prism rails for precise guidance Technical parameters MULTIMAX 175 M4: Max. cutting width: 450 mm Min. cutting width: 45 mm Max. cutting height without pressure plate: 80 mm Max. cutting height with pressure plate: 60 mm Max. pass-through width: 800 mm Min. cutting length with pressure plate: 600 mm Total motor power: 37 kW Operating voltage: 400 V / 50 Hz Saw spindle diameter: 65 mm Spindle speed: 4200 rpm Saw blade Ø min./max.: 250 / 305 mm Saw blade bore: 80 mm 6 HW saw blades Ø300 × 3.1 / 2.2 × Z28 Positioning speed: max. 150 mm/s Positioning tolerance: ±0.1 mm Feed speed: 6-60 m/min Feed motor: 4.0 kW Chain width: 500 mm Pressure roller diameter: 110 mm Max. total outfeed width: 800 mm Temperature range: 0-40 °C Extraction hood Ø250 mm Air speed: 30 m/s Air volume: 5300 m³/h Working height: 850 mm Machine dimensions: 2732 × 2256 × 2003 mm Net weight: 5500 kg Colour: light grey RAL7035 / anthracite RAL7016 Cursor adjustment range: 5 m Configuration: Transport chain with spikes (every 2nd chain link) Penetration depth: 0.8 mm (standard) Advantages: Parallel feed, Stable hold for warped/wide/short boards Ideal for gluing joint cuts Chain brush at infeed for continuous cleaning Precision cutting via prism-guided transport chain Automatic chain lubrication (adjustable via MFD/touchscreen) Wear-resistant chain guide under the saw blades Additional equipment: Driven outfeed roller below (ribbed) + upper pressure roller Pneumatic control for safe ejection of offcuts High-performance pressure system with 6 spring-mounted rollers Moving pressure plate synchronised with saw blade movement Secure hold-down along the entire cutting length Motorized height adjustment of the pressure system with display Pneumatic cushioning of all pressure cylinders Separate pressure control for each element Work and operational safety: 1 set of operating and instruction manuals CE safety standards Multiple anti-kickback devices Swivelling protective hood with locking and standstill monitoring Emergency stop at infeed, outfeed, and control panel Protective cover with viewing window...

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Ketebalan pemotongan maks. 120 mm Lebar pemotongan maks. 300 mm Jarak antara pusat tiang dan pusat rantai 360 mm Panjang kerja min. 500 mm Diameter mata gergaji maks. 350 mm Diameter mata gergaji min. 250 mm Lubang mata gergaji 70 mm Diameter spindel: 50 mm Kecepatan spindel: 3800 RPM Daya motor spindel: 37 kW (opsional 22 kW) Kecepatan umpan variabel: 7,5–30 m/menit Motor umpan: 2 HP Dimensi meja (P x L): 1530 mm x 760 mm Dimensi pengemasan (P x L x T): 1880 x 1700 x 1700 mm Berat bersih: 2050 kg Berat bruto: 2300 kg Todpfx Abezx D Duevec Sistem penjepit benda kerja yang dirancang khusus memungkinkan penyesuaian ketebalan pemotongan sesuai dengan kebutuhan masing-masing. Sistem pelindung benturan memastikan keamanan operator yang maksimal. Penggunaan besi cor berkualitas tinggi memungkinkan umpan benda kerja yang lancar bahkan pada kecepatan putar tinggi. Sistem pelumasan pusat yang dirancang khusus dengan lampu peringatan jika pelumasan tidak mencukupi dan pematian mesin otomatis. Sistem pelindung kelebihan beban: Jika arus yang diizinkan terlampaui, motor akan mati secara otomatis untuk mencegah kerusakan pada mesin atau alat pemotong.

Kondisi: sangat baik (bekas), Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, lebar kerja: 400 mm, tinggi penyerutan: 100 mm, lebar perataan: 350 mm, Ukuran pemesinan empat sisi: 350mm x 100mm. Memiliki sumbu horizontal kelima sepanjang 400mm, yang dapat digunakan untuk pemotongan seri. Daya total: 24Kw. Dapat diuji dan berada dalam kondisi teknis yang sangat baik. Tsdpfx Aboyt Hbyovjc

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, I am selling a KUSING RP-OP-600 PRO longitudinal saw. This high-performance rip saw features one or two saw blades that can be digitally adjusted simultaneously. The control system stores five preset configurations for faster and more precise operation. The machine is equipped with both upper and lower feed systems, utilizing six steel feed rollers to ensure maximum traction even with thicker materials and prisms up to a maximum height of 105 to 130 mm. The saw can be fitted with any number of saw blades. A clamping system with adjustable housings allows for quick dimension changes. Technical specifications: Feed width: 700 mm (up to 900 mm) Tedpfxjx Utyye Abvjc Feed roller length: 600 mm Number of feed rollers: 6 Maximum cutting size: 550 mm (700 mm) Motor power: 11 / 15 / 18 kW Maximum blade diameter: 350 mm Maximum cutting height: 105 mm (130 mm) Shaft diameter: 50 mm Shaft length: 600 mm The machine meets all safety requirements according to CE standards. Manufactured in Slovakia. The machine can be configured to customer specifications, e.g. in terms of the number of lasers, choice of infeed and outfeed roller conveyors, etc.