Beli Ravensburger Drehmaschine P20/I bekas (54.465)

Kondisi: sangat baik (bekas), Mikrometer digital profesional dari merek ternama Mahr – model Micromar 40 EWR(i) – dirancang untuk pengukuran yang sangat presisi dengan akurasi hingga 0,001 mm. Perangkat ini dalam versi IP65 tahan debu dan air, ideal untuk aplikasi metrologi, kontrol kualitas, dan bengkel industri. Rentang pengukuran: 100 – 125 mm. Akurasi: 0,001 mm. Pembacaan digital dengan layar LCD besar yang mudah dibaca. Tingkat perlindungan: IP65 – tahan debu dan percikan air. Fitur "ABS" dan "Hold" – penghentian pengukuran cepat dan fungsi reset. Rangka sangat kokoh dengan pegangan ergonomis. Paket termasuk kotak asli, sertifikat, buku panduan, dan standar kalibrasi 100 mm. Kondisi: hampir baru / hanya digunakan untuk pengujian. Gedpfxexl Rgie Aa Hjkb

Tahun pembuatan: 2022, Kondisi: baru, Service – Preparation of an Offer for a Powder Coating System from Romer. Gkjdefnk H Sspfx Aa Hsb Direct from the manufacturer romer-germany Manufacturer of powder coating systems and industrial ovens, plant engineering Delivery time approx. 10 to 16 weeks Shipping costs to be calculated separately.

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2011, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, tegangan masuk: 24 V, Lisec hardener pump for 20-liter barrels, complete unit. Suitable for use with PS, but also for PU with pasty hardener. Sold EXW from our warehouse in Hungary. Gkodpfxjwuq Ubo Aa Heb

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Filler with 50 positions featuring a crown capper. Previously used in a winery for filling 1 L glass wine bottles. Gjdjvq Suiepfx Aa Hjkb

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2025, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, rentang pengukuran sumbu X: 700 mm, rentang pengukuran sumbu Y: 1.000 mm, rentang pengukuran sumbu Z: 700 mm, Eksekusi Eksekusi: Mesin Pengukur Jembatan Sistem pemandu: Bantalan udara presisi tinggi Area pengukuran Sumbu X: 700 mm Sumbu Y: 1000 mm Sumbu Z: 700 mm Akurasi: 1,7 + l/300 Percepatan vektorial: 1732 mm/s² Gjdpfx Aaezf H Euj Hskb Kecepatan vektorial: 519 mm/s Sistem probe Teknologi pengukuran: Tactil Tipe: PH10M / TP20 Perlengkapan Sistem pergantian probe: Termasuk

Kondisi: baru, Traces of storage Gkjdpswcq Tysfx Aa Heb

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2025, Various models available! 1. Briquette diameter: Ø 200 mm 2. Capacity: 12,000 kg/hour (steel) 3. Preliminary compression force: 50 tons 4. Main compression cylinder pressure: 800 tons 5. Maximum operating pressure: 300 bar 6. Cycle time: 10 - 12 seconds 7. Electric motor power: 6x37=222 kW (main motors) 8. Machine dimensions: 11,000 mm x 10,000 mm 9. Machine weight: 60,000 kg 10. Screw-driven feed systems automatically fill the compression chamber, and the integrated vibrating hopper ensures chamber safety by preventing oversized material from entering. 11. Cylinder rods are induction-hardened and chrome-plated. 12. Hydraulic oil cooling system is implemented. Gjdegv I N Uspfx Aa Hjkb 13. Pumps and valves of the hydraulic system are from PARKER or BOSCH-REXROTH brands. 14. Machine is fully automatic via PLC control. 15. All electrical and electronic components are from SCHNEIDER or SIEMENS brands. 16. The machine is CE-certified. This marking certifies that the product complies with European directives regarding consumer safety, health, or the environment. 17. The machine is covered by a one (1) year or three thousand (3,000) operating hours warranty against manufacturing defects under AYMAS Makina San. Ve Tic. Ltd. Şti.

Kondisi: bekas, berat kosong: 4.400 kg, berat muatan maksimum: 13.600 kg, berat keseluruhan: 18.000 kg, konfigurasi gandar: 2 gandar, pendaftaran pertama: 09/2012, panjang ruang muatan: 6.770 mm, lebar ruang muat: 2.500 mm, tinggi ruang muatan: 1.000 mm, suspensi: udara, ukuran ban: 235/75R17,5, warna: hitam, jarak tempuh: 1.001 km, tipe perpindahan gigi: lain, kabin pengemudi: lain, Perlengkapan: ABS,

Kondisi: baru, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, nomor mesin/kendaraan: Produktpalette, berat kosong: 4.900 kg, berat muatan maksimum: 33.100 kg, berat keseluruhan: 38.000 kg, konfigurasi gandar: 3 gandar, panjang total: 7.450 mm, lebar total: 2.550 mm, suspensi: udara, ukuran ban: 385/65 R22,5", kondisi ban: 100 persen,

Kondisi: bekas, berat muatan maksimum: 12.400 kg, berat keseluruhan: 18.000 kg, konfigurasi gandar: 2 gandar, pendaftaran pertama: 09/2024,

Kondisi: bekas, Robot industri bekas YASKAWA HP 20. Dalam kondisi baik. Dengan kontrol NX100. Gedpfx Asxhg S Tja Hekb

Kondisi: bekas, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, daya: 60 kW (81,58 hp), jenis bahan bakar: listrik, berat operasi: 500 kg, berat muatan maksimum: 500 kg, Tahun pembuatan: 2020, jam operasional: 400 h, nomor mesin/kendaraan: 2020-2704-0001, Tungku Nitridasi Plasma dengan Kontrol Vakum Gksdexz Divopfx Aa Hob

Kondisi: baru, Oil tank capacity: 12 Bending capacity (flat material): 200 x 12 Bending capacity (round tubes): 48 x 4.0 Pressure: 20 Working speed: 10 Return speed: 10 Motor: 2.2 Table area: 480 x 1060 Working height: 930 Length: 1150 Width: 480 Height: 1200 Stroke: 185 Approx. weight: 530 Gksdpjr I H A Asfx Aa Hjb UZMA hydraulic horizontal presses with multi-directional functionality allow diverse operations such as bending, punching, straightening, etc. for pipes, flat bars, profiles, rods, and all material types. The rapid tool change system enables quick and efficient bending of sheet metal, pipes, profiles, and rods with compatible forming tools, minimizing downtime. UZMA stands out for its versatile operation features and user-friendly controls. A horizontal press machine is an essential piece of equipment for metalworking shops. Standard Accessories: - Standard equipment - Steel frame and robust machine design - Stroke adjustment via digital display - Manual or automatic operating modes - Quick tool change system for easy tool swaps - Durable tool and tool guide construction made of high-quality hardened steel - Foot pedal with digital display and emergency stop - 1 set of press brake tools

Kondisi: baru, en1 Gkodperuwbiefx Aa Hob

Kondisi: baru, Laser power: 2Load capacity: 1250x-axis travel: 2020y-axis travel: 4050z-axis travel: 350Positioning accuracy: 0.05Repeatability: 0.03Table changeover time: approx. 10Cooling unit: water chillerWeight approx.: 11,500Dimensions (LxWxH): 4400 x 10,000 x 2120 The FLC series is a fast, precise, reliable, and cost-efficient fiber laser cutting machine. It is a laser cutting machine with high efficiency and upper-class standards. It can handle laser power up to 30,000 W, making it an excellent choice for cutting thick plates. FLC fiber laser cutting machines are commonly used in the manufacturing of agricultural machinery, textile machinery, food machinery, construction equipment, elevators, and other large machines and installations. It is the ideal cutting machine for anyone looking to outsource work. It allows for easy blowing, cutting, pausing, simulation calibration, etc., via wireless remote control. Standard nesting software quickly and automatically readies parts for cutting with no operator intervention. It also features a flycut function. As it is equipped with a dual exchange table, you can continue cutting without downtime. All of our machines are manufactured to European standards and are CE certified. Our FLC machine types are equipped with nozzle cleaning and a dual-camera system. Selectable cutting table sizes: 1.5 x 3 m, 2 x 4 m, or 2 x 6 m. Our laser head features autofocus and an active anti-collision function, as well as an auto-view function that detects obstacles and moves accordingly. Cutting heads have automatic cooling. The bridges used in all our machines are single-piece welded aluminum alloy constructions. This one-piece design ensures rigidity and prevents the bridge from losing its shape or deforming under impact, overlap, or load. Additionally, thanks to their weight—three times lighter compared to steel profile bridges—we achieve high speeds and accelerations with lower motor power. Accessories included: - Water chiller - Switch cabinet cooling - Automatic focus head - Nesting software - 19-inch touch CNC control - Flying cut - Nozzle and lens starter kit - Parts debris drawers - Automatic table changer - Automatic nozzle cleaning - CE compliance - On-site machine training - Wireless remote query - Automatic lubrication system - Dual camera SPECIFICATIONS VALUE Gkedoruwbxepfx Aa Hob Working area 2000 x 4000 mm Load capacity 1200 kg XY axes travel 2020 x 4050 mm Z axis travel 350 mm XYZ axis guide 4-point ball cage XY axis drive system Rack and pinion Z axis drive system Ball screw XY axis speed 100 m/min Z axis speed 30 m/min XY positioning accuracy 0.05 mm XY repeatability 0.03 mm Table changeover time 10 s Laser source Raycus / Hans / JPT Laser source output 2 / 3 / 4 / 6 / 8 / 12 / 20 kW CNC control system Fscut Laser cutting head Raytools / BOCI / WSX Supported gases Air/Oxygen/Nitrogen

Kondisi: baru, Laser power: 12Loading capacity: 1250x-axis travel: 2020y-axis travel: 4050z-axis travel: 350Positioning accuracy: 0.05Repeatability: 0.03Table changeover time: approx. 10Cooling system: Water chillerWeight approx.: 11500Dimensions (LxWxH): 4400 x 10000 x 2120 The FLC series is a fast, sensitive, reliable, and cost-effective fiber laser cutting machine. This is a high-efficiency laser cutter with premium-level standards. It can handle laser power up to 30,000 W, making it an excellent choice for cutting thick plates. FLC fiber laser cutting machines are typically used for fabricating agricultural machinery, textile machinery, food processing equipment, construction machinery, elevators, and other large machines and installations. It is an ideal cutting machine for anyone looking to outsource their cutting processes. Features wireless remote control for simple blowing, cutting, pausing, calibration simulation, etc. Standard nesting software quickly and automatically prepares parts for cutting without operator intervention. Includes a fly-cutting feature. Gsdsruwbqepfx Aa Hskb Thanks to the double shuttle table, you can continue cutting without downtime. All our machines are manufactured to European standards and CE-certified. Our FLC-type machines feature nozzle cleaning and a dual camera system. Available cutting areas: 1.5 x 3 m, 2 x 4 m, or 2 x 6 m. Our laser head comes with autofocus, active anti-collision, and an auto-view function that detects obstacles and automatically moves to avoid them. Cutting heads are equipped with automatic cooling. Bridges used in all our machines are built from welded aluminum alloy plates and are single-piece constructions. The one-piece design ensures rigidity and prevents deformation due to impacts, overlaps, or loads. Additionally, compared to steel profile bridges, their weight is three times lower, enabling higher speeds and acceleration with less motor power. Accessories included: - Water chiller - Control cabinet cooling - Automatic focusing head - Nesting software - 19-inch CNC touchscreen control - Fly cutting - Nozzle and lens starter kit - Scrap drawers - Automatic table changer - Automatic nozzle cleaning - CE compliance - On-site operator training - Wireless remote inquiry - Automatic lubrication system - Dual camera system SPECIFICATIONS VALUE Working area 2000 x 4000 mm Loading capacity 1200 kg X/Y axis travel 2020 x 4050 mm Z-axis travel 350 mm XYZ-axis guide 4-point ball cage XY-axis drive system Rack and pinion Z-axis drive system Ball screw XY-axis speed 100 m/min Z-axis speed 30 m/min XY positioning accuracy 0.05 mm XY repeatability 0.03 mm Table changeover time 10 sec Laser source Raycus / Hans / JPT Laser source output power 2 / 3 / 4 / 6 / 8 / 12 / 20 kW CNC control system FscutLas

Kondisi: baru, Laser power: 3Loading capacity: 1250x-Axis travel: 2020y-Axis travel: 4050z-Axis travel: 350Positioning accuracy: 0.05Repeatability: 0.03Table changeover time: approx. 10Cooling system: water chillerWeight approx.: 11500Dimensions (LxWxH): 4400 x 10000 x 2120 The FLC series is a fast, responsive, reliable, and cost-effective fiber laser cutting machine. It is a high-efficiency laser cutting machine built to upper-class standards. It can handle laser power up to 30,000 W, making it an excellent choice for cutting thick plates. FLC fiber laser cutting machines are typically used in the manufacturing of agricultural machinery, textile machinery, food processing machines, construction equipment, elevators, and other large machines and devices. It is an ideal cutting machine for anyone seeking to outsource cutting operations. Allows easy blowing, cutting, pausing, calibration simulation, etc., via wireless remote control. Comes with standard nesting software that quickly prepares parts for cutting without operator intervention. Also features Flycut cutting functionality. Thanks to the double exchange table, you can continue cutting with no downtime. All our machines are manufactured to European standards and come with a CE certificate. Our FLC machines are equipped with nozzle cleaning and a dual camera system. Available cutting areas: 1.5 x 3 m, 2 x 4 m, or 2 x 6 m. Our laser head is equipped with autofocus, an active anti-collision function, and Auto-View, which detects obstacles and moves automatically. Cutting heads come with automatic cooling. The bridges used in all our machines are made from a single-piece welded aluminum alloy construction. This design ensures bridge rigidity and prevents deformation under impact, collision, or load. In addition, thanks to their weight—three times lighter than steel bridges—higher speeds and accelerations can be achieved with lower motor power. Included accessories: - Water chiller - Control cabinet cooling system - Automatic focusing head - Nesting software - 19" CNC touch control panel - Fly cut functionality - Nozzle and lens starter kit - Part debris drawers - Automatic table changer - Automatic nozzle cleaning - CE compliance - On-site machine training - Wireless remote diagnostics - Automatic lubrication system - Dual camera system Gkedpfxotuyf He Aa Hsb SPECIFICATIONS VALUE Working area 2000 x 4000 mm Load capacity 1200 kg XY travel distance 2020 x 4050 mm Z travel distance 350 mm XYZ guide system 4-point ball cage XY drive system Rack and pinion Z drive system Ball screw XY axis speed 100 m/min Z axis speed 30 m/min XY positional accuracy 0.05 mm XY repeatability 0.03 mm Table changeover time 10 s Laser source Raycus / Hans / JPT Laser output power 2 / 3 / 4 / 6 / 8 / 12 / 20 kW CNC control system Fscut Laser cutting head Raytools / BOCI / WSX Supported gases Air / Oxygen / N2

Kondisi: baru, en_laser-performance-6_loading-capacity-1250_positioning-accurac y-005_repetition-accuracy-003_table-change-time-about-15_coolant- system-water-chiller_weight-approx-17500_dimensions-lwh-4400-x-95 00-x-2350-mm_max-speed-120_tube-diameter-220_working-area-2000-x- 6000_the-flc-p-series-is-a-fast-sensitive-reliable-and-cost-effec tive-fiber-laser-cutting-machine-for-tube-profile-cutting-this-is -a-high-efficiency-laser-cutting-machine-with-top-market-standard s-it-can-achieve-a-laser-power-output-of-up-to-20000-w-making-it- an-excellent-choice-for-cutting-thick-plates-flc-fiber-laser-cutt ing-machines-are-typically-used-for-manufacturing-agricultural-ma chines-textile-machinery-food-machinery-construction-machines-ele vator-manufacturers-and-other-large-scale-machines-and-plant-equi pment_you-don-t-need-two-separate-machines-you-can-cut-both-sheet -metal-and-tube-profiles_the-compact-design-saves-space_one-machi ne-with-dual-capabilities-cuts-both-sheet-metal-and-metal-tubes-p rofiles_the-standard-tube-profile-cutting-length-is-6-metres-9-me tres-available-upon-request_the-tube-diameter-can-be-used-up-to-a -maximum-of-350-mm_chucks-can-be-clamped-and-automatically-center ed-with-a-single-button_wireless-remote-control-allows-easy-blowi ng-cutting-pausing-calibration-simulation-etc_standard-nesting-so ftware-quickly-prepares-parts-for-cutting-without-operator-interv ention-includes-flycutting-feature_as-a-double-exchange-table-mac hine-it-allows-continuous-cutting-without-waiting_all-our-machine s-are-manufactured-to-european-standards-and-feature-ce-certifica tion_our-flc-models-include-nozzle-cleaning-and-dual-camera-syste ms_available-cutting-sizes-15-x-3-m-2-x-4-m-or-2-x-6-m_the-laser- head-features-autofocus-active-anti-collision-and-auto-view-funct ions-enabling-obstacle-detection-and-automatic-repositioning_cutt ing-heads-have-automatic-cooling_all-bridges-used-in-our-machines -are-made-from-one-piece-welded-aluminum-sheet-construction-one-p iece-design-ensures-rigidity-and-prevents-deformation-under-impac t-overlap-or-load-moreover-thanks-to-this-design-which-is-three-t imes-lighter-than-steel-profile-bridges-high-speeds-and-accelerat ions-can-be-achieved-with-lower-motor-power_accessories-included- water-chiller-electrical-cabinet-cooling-automatic-focus-head-nes ting-software-19-inch-touch-cnc-control-flycutting-nozzles-and-le nses-incl-starter-kit-part-debris-drawers-automatic-table-exchang er-automatic-nozzle-cleaning-ce-compliance-on-site-machine-traini ng-wireless-remote-inquiry-automatic-lubrication-system-dual-came ra-system-specifications-value-working-a Godpotwtn Iofx Aa Hskb

Kondisi: bekas, Demonstration Machine Hans Schreiner - Metal Lathe, 3-jaw chuck 315 mm, 4-jaw face plate 320 mm, clamping plate 430 mm, carrier plate 250 mm, steady rest, follow rest, magnetic brake, can be switched automatically or by foot pedal, coolant device, halogen lamp, splash guard, chip drawer extendable to the front, fixed centres, live centres MK5 removable bed section, hardened and ground bed and gear wheels supplied without oil filling incl. Multifix Set B and 3-axis digital readout Technical Data: Centre height 300 mm Centre distance 2000 mm Max. turning diameter 600 mm Gkodpfxsvrvvae Aa Hsb Spindle mount Camlock 8 Spindle bore 80 mm Tailstock taper MK5 Spindle speed range 24 to 1600 rpm Number of speeds 15 Main motor output 7.5 kW Max. diameter over cross slide 350 mm Max. turning diameter in gap 680 mm Longitudinal feed 0.07 – 4 mm/rev Cross feed 0.02 – 1.35 mm/rev Metric threads 0.5 – 28 mm pitch Inch threads 56 – 1 TPI Module threads Module 0.5 – 3.5 Diametral pitch threads 56 – 8 DP Quill diameter/travel 65/120 mm Weight 2200 kg

Kondisi: baru, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, nomor mesin/kendaraan: HR21873, Tahun pembuatan: 2021, kapasitas angkut: 2.000 kg, tinggi angkat: 4.300 mm, pengangkatan bebas: 747 mm, jenis bahan bakar: gas, tipe tiang: triplex, tinggi konstruksi: 1.975 mm, lebar kerangka garpu: 980 mm, panjang garpu: 1.200 mm, berat kosong: 3.365 kg, panjang total: 3.236 mm, jenis penggerak: Treibgas, lebar konstruksi: 1.086 mm, Treibgasstapler_fullspecs Gjdpoyl Dunofx Aa Hokb

Kondisi: hampir baru (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2018, Laser-Schweißroboteranlage zum Schweißen von Stahl und Edelstahl. Lieferumfang: 1 x YASKAWA 6-Achs-Roboter YASKAWA HP20RD (Traglast: 20 kg, Reichweite: 2017 mm, Robotergewicht: 293 kg, Baujahr: 04/2010) 1 x YASKAWA DX100 Steuerung (Baujahr: 05/2010) 1 x IPG YLS-4000 (Baujahr: 2017) Gkjdpfsh Ad E Ujx Aa Hsb 1 x IPG KÜHLGERÄT (Baujahr: 2017) 1 x HIGHYAG BIMO LASERSCHWEISSKOPF (Seriennummer: BIMO2W17013) Die Maschine kann besichtigt werden. Sehr guter Zustand. Angeschlossen, vorführbereit. Der Versand in EU-Länder erfolgt durch uns, die Versandkosten sind kostenlos.

Tahun pembuatan: 1995, Kondisi: sangat baik (bekas), Lini produksi ini terdiri dari elemen-elemen berikut: 1) Mesin frais Weinig Profimat 23 2) Konveyor sabuk KOCH -T-100-B (250x4550) 3) Mesin frais Weinig Uniplan 4) Konveyor sabuk KOCH T-100-B (250x7050) 5) Mesin pembuat alur KOCH SF -3 Gkedpfshm Exdjx Aa Heb 5a) Konveyor sabuk bawah untuk limbah (pada mesin pembuat alur, 300x6050) 5b) Konveyor sabuk samping untuk limbah (pada mesin pembuat alur, 300x1800) 6) Konveyor sabuk KOCH T-100-B (250x5020) 7) Konveyor sabuk KOCH T-100-A (300x3050) 8) Konveyor sabuk KOCH T-100-B (300x3500) 9) Konveyor sabuk KOCH T-100-B (300x4530) 10) Mesin frais Weinig U2G 11) Konveyor sabuk KOCH (250x4050) Lini produksi ini hanya beroperasi dalam waktu yang sangat singkat, kondisinya seperti baru. Tahun pembuatan mesin-mesin yang termasuk dalam lini produksi ini adalah 1995. Sebagai tambahan, untuk setiap mesin, saya sertakan satu set pahat frais dari perusahaan Leitz, untuk profil jendela Euro 68. Biaya lini produksi baru saat ini adalah lebih dari 1 juta euro.

Kondisi: hampir baru (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2018, Dijual unit lengkap Aerzen D17L dan D28L. Tahun produksi 2018, kondisi sempurna dengan motor 15 kW dan 22 kW. Bergaransi. Informasi lebih lanjut silakan hubungi melalui telepon atau email. Gkedpfx Aaolnlr Es Hob

Kondisi: baru, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, jenis kontrol: Kontrol CNC, tingkat otomatisasi: otomatis, jenis aktuasi: listrik, jenis laser: laser serat, daya laser: 12.000 W, ketebalan lembaran (maks.): 30 mm, Perlengkapan: Penandaan CE, alat penukar nosel, dokumentasi / manual, ekstraksi asap, ekstraksi debu, henti darurat, penghadang cahaya keselamatan, sistem pelumasan terpusat, unit pendingin, Unterstützt das Schneiden von 12 m langen Stahlrohren. Ausgestattet mit einem vollautomatischen kombinierten Be- und Entladesystem. Intelligentes One-Stop-System für Be- und Entladen sowie Schneiden, steigert die Produktionseffizienz um 200 %. Gsdpfxew A H T Ae Aa Hekb Unterstützt mehrere Bearbeitungsprozesse wie Fasenschneiden, Verriegeln, Schneiden, Stanzen, Öffnen von Schweißlöchern, Schneiden von Schraubenlöchern, Markieren und Kennzeichnen. Laserleistung: 12.000 W – 20.000 W Verfahrweg X-Achse: 1.600 mm Verfahrweg Y-Achse: 1.900 mm Verfahrweg Z-Achse: 900 mm A-Achse Drehung: ±90° C-Achse Drehung: ±90° Verfahrweg U-Achse: 30 mm Verfahrweg V-Achse: 13.000 mm Positioniergenauigkeit: ±0,1 mm Max. Werkstückquerschnitt: 1.000 × 400 mm Max. unterstütztes Gewicht: 5 t Unterstützte Profile: H-Träger, U-Stahl, I-Träger

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2023, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, nomor mesin/kendaraan: EcoPurge30, Pompa pembersih pneumatik untuk sistem pencampur 2 komponen Laju aliran maks.: 6 l/menit Gkodpopz H Hqjfx Aa Hob Tekanan maks.: 21 MPa Rasio tekanan: 30:1