Beli Format4 Finish 1302 bekas (3.775)

Kondisi: hampir baru (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2024, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, tinggi total: 1.250 mm, berat keseluruhan: 1.000 kg, panjang total: 1.870 mm, lebar total: 740 mm, jenis arus masuk: tiga fasa, kapasitas tangki: 30 l, kapasitas tangki yang dapat digunakan: 20 l, tegangan masuk: 400 V, daya: 3,6 kW (4,89 hp), For sale: Z4 centrifugal finishing machine / vibratory finishing machine for surface treatment of workpieces. This system is suitable for deburring, edge rounding, cleaning, smoothing, polishing and ball polishing of small to medium-sized workpieces. Due to the centrifugal force technology, intensive processing with short cycle times is achieved. The machine is particularly suitable for series production, metalworking, stamped parts, turned parts, milled parts, and smaller precision components. The system is offered including pneumatic unit and control cabinet. The Z4 features an integrated separation unit for separating workpieces and media, as well as stepless rotational speed adjustment of the rotary plate via frequency inverter. Technical data according to manufacturer's data sheet Z4 Manufacturer: presumed Spaleck Oberflächentechnik Model: Z4 Machine type: centrifugal disc finishing machine / vibratory finishing machine Nominal working bowl volume: 30 l Gedpey Uwh Ujfx Ahyoiw Usable working bowl volume: 20 l Operating voltage: 400 V / 50 Hz Connected load: 3.6 kW Max. rotary plate speed: 280 rpm Gap width: ≥ 0.4 mm Tilting angle: 150° Footprint: approx. 1.4 m² Machine width: 740 mm Machine length: 1,870 mm Height (top edge): 1,250 mm Separator length: 855 mm Equipment: - Z4 centrifugal finishing machine - Integrated separation unit - Pneumatic unit - Separator / discharge chute - Control cabinet - Frequency inverter for stepless speed adjustment - Working bowl with wear-resistant PU lining - Suitable for wet processing / mass finishing processes Condition: As new, only a few hours in operation. Terms of Sale: Sale exclusively to commercial customers/businesses. The machine is sold as a used machine, as described or as inspected, with exclusion of any liability for material defects/warranty. No guarantee is provided. Errors and prior sale excepted. Inspection possible by appointment. Sale ex-site.

Kondisi: siap digunakan (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2000, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, nomor mesin/kendaraan: 2000/80205, Complete powder coating line with automatic powder recovery. 1. WAGNER automatic spray booth – year of manufacture: 2000 Serial number: 2000/80205 Booth dimensions: 5.3 x 2.2 x 2.8 m Currently equipped with ZEUS Tribo spray guns – 8 units with rotation Type of operation: pass-through Entry size for coated workpiece: 100 x 158 cm 2. IMEL washing machine, external dimensions: 3 x 12 x 4.2 m (L-shaped) – Wash entry size: 72 x 144 cm – Water tank: 3 x 2.2 x 1.2 m – Approx. capacity: 6,000 litres (located under the washer) – Heating by Sant Andrea burner, model KB 40 GM, power modulation 179–468 kW (gas burner) 3. WAGNER powder filtering system, dimensions: 1.5 x 3.2 x 5.5 m 4. Overhead conveyor – approx. 100 m in length, with its own drive Gsdpfx Ahsyrr Rqsyjiw 5. WAGNER powder recovery system with cyclone 6. Oven (with 2 circuits) with gas burner, 163–390 kW - One circuit for drying washed parts, the second (longer) circuit is for curing the powder after application - Oven dimensions: 12 x 7 x 5.3 m; maximum workpiece size: 60 x 120 cm Additionally, we have two oil burners with similar capacity as an alternative to the gas burners. The approximate total footprint of the entire installation is 30 x 11 m.

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, Υποβάλλουμε την προσφορά μας για την προμήθεια μεγάλης ανοιχτού τύπου βιομηχανικής καμπίνας, σχεδιασμένης για αποδοτικές εφαρμογές χειρισμού και εξαερισμού αέρα. Η προτεινόμενη μηχανή έχει σχεδιαστεί για αξιόπιστη λειτουργία και σταθερή απόδοση σε βιομηχανικά περιβάλλοντα. Η καμπίνα διαθέτει εξωτερικές διαστάσεις 2000 mm μήκος, 2050 mm πλάτος και 2850 mm ύψος. Είναι εξοπλισμένη με ηλεκτροκινητήρα ισχύος 3 kW, που λειτουργεί σε ονομαστική ταχύτητα 2800 rpm. Ο κινητήρας είναι απευθείας συνδεδεμένος με δυναμικά ζυγοσταθμισμένο φυγοκεντρικό ανεμιστήρα διαμέτρου Ø452 mm, διασφαλίζοντας ομαλή λειτουργία, χαμηλούς κραδασμούς και υψηλή μηχανική απόδοση. Το σύστημα έχει σχεδιαστεί να προσφέρει παροχή αέρα 4000 m³/h, παρέχοντας αποτελεσματική εξαγωγή και κυκλοφορία αέρα για διάφορες βιομηχανικές διεργασίες. Ο ανοιχτού τύπου σχεδιασμός της καμπίνας επιτρέπει απρόσκοπτη πρόσβαση, ευκολία στη συντήρηση και βέλτιστη διανομή ροής αέρα, καθιστώντας την κατάλληλη για εξαερισμό, απαγωγή καπνού και γενικές εφαρμογές βιομηχανικού χειρισμού αέρα. Όλα τα μηχανολογικά και κατασκευαστικά μέρη κατασκευάζονται σύμφωνα με τα πρότυπα της βιομηχανικής μηχανικής, διασφαλίζοντας αντοχή, λειτουργική αξιοπιστία και μακρόχρονη διάρκεια ζωής. Η μονάδα έχει σχεδιαστεί για συνεχή λειτουργία και συμμορφώνεται με τις τυπικές απαιτήσεις ασφάλειας και απόδοσης της βιομηχανίας. Gijdpfeygh Alox Ahyew Η προσφορά περιλαμβάνει το σύνολο της μηχανής ως άνω, πλήρως συναρμολογημένη και έτοιμη για εγκατάσταση.

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, Με το παρόν υποβάλλουμε την προσφορά μας για την προμήθεια μίας μεγάλης ανοιχτού τύπου βιομηχανικής καμπίνας, σχεδιασμένης για εφαρμογές διαχείρισης αέρα υψηλής απόδοσης. Η προσφερόμενη μηχανή έχει σχεδιαστεί για συνεχή βιομηχανική λειτουργία και αξιόπιστη απόδοση σε απαιτητικά περιβάλλοντα. Η καμπίνα διαθέτει συνολικές διαστάσεις 2500 mm μήκος, 2250 mm πλάτος και 2650 mm ύψος. Είναι εξοπλισμένη με ηλεκτροκινητήρα υψηλών αποδόσεων, ισχύος 5,5 kW, που λειτουργεί σε ονομαστικές στροφές 2800 rpm. Ο κινητήρας είναι απευθείας συνδεδεμένος με αεροδυναμικά ζυγοσταθμισμένο φυγοκεντρικό ανεμιστήρα διαμέτρου Ø452 mm, διασφαλίζοντας σταθερή λειτουργία, χαμηλά επίπεδα κραδασμών και υψηλή αεροδυναμική απόδοση. Το σύστημα έχει σχεδιαστεί για μέγιστη παροχή αέρα 7000 m³/h, προσφέροντας αποτελεσματική εξαγωγή και κυκλοφορία αέρα για βιομηχανικές διεργασίες. Η ανοιχτού τύπου διαμόρφωση της καμπίνας επιτρέπει εύκολη πρόσβαση, απλοποιημένη εγκατάσταση και αποδοτική κατανομή του αέρα, καθιστώντας τη κατάλληλη για εφαρμογές όπως αερισμός, αναρρόφηση καπνών και γενική βιομηχανική διαχείριση αέρα. Όλα τα μηχανολογικά εξαρτήματα κατασκευάζονται σύμφωνα με τα πρότυπα βιομηχανικών πρακτικών, διασφαλίζοντας αντοχή, αξιοπιστία και μεγάλο χρόνο ζωής. Η μονάδα είναι κατάλληλη για συνεχή λειτουργία και έχει σχεδιαστεί ώστε να πληροί τις τυπικές βιομηχανικές απαιτήσεις ασφάλειας και απόδοσης. Η προσφορά περιλαμβάνει το πλήρες μηχάνημα όπως περιγράφεται ανωτέρω, πλήρως συναρμολογημένο και έτοιμο προς εγκατάσταση. Gedpfeyghwiex Ahysiw

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Booth industri tipe terbuka yang dirancang untuk ekstraksi udara dan ventilasi yang efisien di lingkungan profesional dan industri. Unit ini memiliki dimensi keseluruhan 1269 × 1367 × 2379 mm dan dilengkapi dengan motor listrik berkekuatan 1,1 kW yang beroperasi pada 2800 rpm. Pergerakan udara dihasilkan oleh impeller Ø315 mm, dengan kapasitas aliran udara 2600 m³/jam. Booth ini dirancang untuk operasi berkelanjutan yang andal, memastikan performa aliran udara stabil dan ekstraksi udara yang efektif, sehingga cocok digunakan untuk aplikasi industri yang memerlukan ventilasi dan penanganan udara terkontrol. Gijdpfxsyghnnj Ahyjw

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, el Gsdpfx Ajy A Eb Sehyjiw

Kondisi: seperti baru (mesin pameran), de Giedpfoy Uzblsx Ahyjw

Kondisi: baru, The FC120 ZK grinding machine has been designed to ensure user-friendly operation for grinding/polishing square tubes and flat profiles. This machine processes workpieces up to 120 mm in width using three possible grinding belt and brush head combinations. The FC120 ZK combines a grinding belt head (Z) with a brush head (K). Grinding Belt Head: Post-processing of surfaces when grinding square tubes and flat profile elements – removes coarse defects and burrs. Brush Head: Final finishing after grinding – provides the surface with a smooth and uniform ground finish. The FC120 ZK guarantees consistently high-quality workmanship of stainless steel square tubes and flat profiles – tube by tube. Gijdpod Ix I Ajfx Ahysw Grinding Belt Change: Tool-free belt change within seconds. NS Máquinas can supply various conveyor belt solutions to enable grinding of even smaller parts. Technical Details – FC120 ZK Working capacity (Ø mm): 120x120 Number of belt stations (Z): 1-2 Number of brush stations (K): 0-1 Grinding belt dimensions (mm): 120x1850 Brush belt dimensions (mm): 120xØ200 Grinding belt speed (m/s): 20 Brush belt speed (m/s): 15 Feed speed (m/s): 12 Grinding belt motor per head (kW): 3 Brush motor per head (kW): 2.2 Feed motor (kW): 0.25 Total power (kW): 5.5 (ZK) Power consumption (A): 12 (ZK) Dust extraction connection per head (Ø mm): 80 Dimensions (mm): 1450x800x1800 (ZK) Weight (kg): 500 (ZK)

Kondisi: hampir baru (bekas), Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, nomor mesin/kendaraan: MD1001, tinggi total: 150 mm, panjang total: 45 mm, lebar total: 52 mm, berat keseluruhan: 50 kg, PROMIX 2KS MIXER, 1 COLOR + 1 HARDENER + 1 AIR + SOLVENT SHIPPING AVAILABLE 🚚 -Brand: Graco -Reference: MD1001 -UPC Code: 633955370647 -General industry: PAINTS AND ADHESIVES -Application: TWO-COMPONENT PAINTS, SOLVENT AND WATER-BASED, ADHESIVES, VARNISHES, LACQUERS. -MIXING CLOSE TO THE SPRAY GUNS FOR GREATER CONTROL Godowp Slkopfx Ahysiw -Compatible with epoxy and polyurethane, both solvent and water-based -Mixing ratio up to 30:1 -Pressure: 275.6 bar (4000 psi) -Second-hand, fully overhauled -Warranty: 1 year -OPTIONAL: COLOR AND HARDENER CHANGE WITH CONTROL UNIT (PRICE ON REQUEST)

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2024, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, jenis arus masuk: AC (pendingin udara), Mesin jahit Horizon SPF-200L+FC-200L+LC-200. (tidak termasuk kolator). Mesin dalam kemasan asli (baru, belum pernah digunakan). Sebagai dealer resmi, kami dapat melakukan instalasi dan pelatihan. Giodpfx Aey R Ayhehyjw

Kondisi: bekas, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, broschuerenfinisher_konica_minolta_sd_513 Giodpfx Aeyr Rkcjhyew

Kondisi: seperti baru (mesin pameran), Tahun pembuatan: 2024, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, Used vibratory finishing machine by PERS, model Vibra-Line B 150 l with buffer tank, combined with PERS dryer Vibra-Dry A 200 l – both demo machines – installed on a platform Technical data / Vibra-Line B 150 l: U-shaped work bowl with automatic unloading Gross capacity: 150 l Usable volume (depending on workpiece geometry and material): 80 l Godpfjy A N U Asx Ahysiw Year of manufacture: 2024 External diameter: 1,170 mm Height: 860 mm Bowl lining: 22 mm, yellow or brown PU Total weight (empty): 320 kg Drive power: 2.2 kW Electrical connection: 3 x 400 V, 16 amps CEE Machine color: RAL 7015/7035 Control cabinet with touch panel and frequency inverter Buffer tank – 90 l: The compound (soapy water) flows through the filter basket into the buffer tank, from where a submersible pump circulates the water back to the vibratory tumbler. Buffer tank dimensions (LxWxH): 700 x 400 x 460 mm Supplied with 1 submersible pump and 1 filter basket (630 µm) Technical data / Vibra-Dry A 200 l: Corn/grain dryer with automatic unloading – vibratory dryer Year of manufacture: 2024 Volume: 220 l Motor power: 1.5 kW Heating: 3 kW per element (PTI temperature control) Workpiece capacity: up to 65 kg Corn capacity: 25–35 kg Speed: 1,400 rpm Thermal output: 6 x 1.5 kW Length: 1,141 mm Width: 1,200 mm Height: 905 mm Internal bowl dimension: 240 mm Electrical connection: 3 x 400 V, 16 amps CEE Machine color: RAL 7015/7035 Corn granulate temperature: +30 to +50 °C Digital temperature control Pneumatically operated discharge valve Commissioning requires 25 kg of corn kernels, type GM 16 or GM 20

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2008, jam operasional: 27.234 h, Fungsionalitas: belum diuji, berat keseluruhan: 1.200 kg, jenis arus masuk: tiga fasa, tegangan masuk: 400 V, kecepatan rotasi (maks.): 2.650 rpm, daya: 11 kW (14,96 hp), frekuensi input: 50 Hz, arus masuk: 45 A, tahun perombakan terakhir: 2019, We offer this used Rösler Z 1200 ASS-2-turbo process water centrifuge, year of manufacture 2008. Giedpfoy Rnfpex Ahyjw Operating hours: 27,234 h Application: vibratory finishing units 1x tilting sludge trolley (forklift-compatible) 1x dual-compartment tank (650L waste water / 650L clean water) with diaphragm pumps and agitator 1x aluminium drip tray for the tank Various fittings and sensors Electrical cables and pneumatic lines need to be reconnected or replaced 1x PDF documentation in German Software backup to be performed by the buyer Warranty expired (last factory maintenance in 2019) Machine type: Z 1200 ASS-2-turbo Year of manufacture: 2008 Serial number: 44478/08 Centrifuge weight: 1200 kg Motor power: 11.0 kW Rated power: 20.00 kW Rated current: 45.0 A Max rotation speed: 2650 rpm Max load: 65 kg Max throughput: 1000 l/h Supply voltage: 400 V Main power supply: 400 3 Ph/N/PE V Frequency: 50 Hz Fuse protection: 50 A Control voltage: 24 V DC Max ambient temperature: 40 °C Product temperature range: 50 °C Drum inner diameter: 500 mm If you have any questions or require further information, please do not hesitate to send us a message or call us.

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2026, Max. passage width: 1330 mm Processable sheet thickness: 0.5 - 80 mm Infinitely variable feed rate: 0.5 - 6 m/min Abrasive belt dimensions: 1910 x 1350 mm Brush element dimensions: 300 x 400 mm Abrasive belt speed: 18 m/s Number of planetary heads with brushes: 8 pcs Material thickness adjustment accuracy: 0.01 mm Length: 4200 mm Width: 2300 mm Height: 2400 mm Machine weight: 6500 kg Total connected load: 68 kW Godpfx Ahex S Dwqeysiw Standard Equipment Machine configuration: 3-station version: 1st station: abrasive belt 2nd station: brush elements 3rd station: abrasive belt Main components: PLC: Siemens Touchscreen: Siemens Low voltage devices: Schneider Frequency inverter: Schneider Extraction fan: Elektror, Germany Total connected power: Abrasive belt motor: 15 kW Brush motor: 11 kW Infeed belt motor: 4 kW Vacuum extraction motor: 15 kW Frequency inverter for rotary brushes: 15 kW Machine with wet dust extractor Additional Equipment Optional feeding modes: 1. Feeding with powerful permanent magnet conveyor (suitable for workpieces made of ferrous materials. Workpiece size ≥ 30 mm × 30 mm) 2. Feeding with vacuum underpressure conveyor (suitable for stainless steel plates, copper plates, aluminum plates, etc. that cannot be handled magnetically. Workpiece size ≥ 50 mm × 50 mm)

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2010, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, nomor mesin/kendaraan: S4 1TT33 3250, lebar total: 4.340 mm, tinggi total: 2.775 mm, panjang total: 5.145 mm, lebar kerja: 1.350 mm, tinggi benda kerja (maks.): 16 mm, Viet S4 Calibrating and Sanding Machine. * 1st sanding unit: Longitudinal T60 E IPP HP DU; Belts 1380x3250 mm, motorized by 15 kW inverter drive * 2nd sanding unit: Cross T60 ET HP DUO, Belts 150x8700 mm, motorized by 15 kW inverter drive * 3rd sanding unit: Cross T60 ET HP DUO, Belts 150x8700 mm, motorized by 15 kW inverter drive Variable feed belt speed: 2–20 m/min Complete extraction/aspiration system included. Gedpfxeutdrhj Ahyoiw

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2023, model controller: , de-maschine-001 Giodpeyz Hr Nofx Ahyjw

Kondisi: baik (bekas), Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, perangkat collet pneumatik dengan collet Gijdpey N N N Tjfx Ahyew

Kondisi: baru, Tahun pembuatan: 2025, de Giedpfx Ahsh Nnbcoyow

Tahun pembuatan: 2011, Kondisi: bekas, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, MACHINING CAPACITIES: - Height (thickness): 30 to 390 mm - Maximum workpiece width: 400 mm - Abrasive belt speed: 1300 m/min - Conveyor feed speed: 10 m/min - Belt size: 420x1800 mm (please consult us for supply) MACHINE COMPONENTS: - Roller table, bottom-side belt operation Table height from floor: 90 cm - Automatic workpiece detection via sensor - Pneumatic pressure sanding pad Gijdpfxox A Unxj Ahyow - Automatic belt directional change MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS: - Main power supply: 400V, three-phase, 50Hz, IN 22 A (35A protection) - Automatic star-delta starter - Ammeter(s) for power consumption monitoring Feed motor: 0.5 kW Belt motor: 7.5 kW - Pneumatic tensioning, oscillation, and lifting of rollers - Pneumatic supply: 6 to 8 bar - Extraction: 2 lower ports, Ø150 mm each Recommended flow rate: 2200 m³/h Speed: 20 m/sec - CE marking, emergency stops front/rear, padlockable main switch Note: For optimal operation, always release belt tension when the machine is not in use, and avoid any moisture including dew point condensation inside your facility during winter. Footprint: 1500x1300x2050 h.mm Weight: 1200 kg

Kondisi: sangat baik (bekas), en-001 Gedshbyr Sjpfx Ahyjiw

Kondisi: sangat baik (bekas), Rollen-Beschichtungs- und Lackieranlage (UV), max. Arbeitsbreite 1.300 mm. Bestehend aus: Gedpfxehyty As Ahyoiw 01) Kd.-Nr. J05012 – Schleifmaschine "COSTA LEVIGATRICI" Modell SN TR LFT 3 TT 1350 02) Kd.-Nr. Y11034 – Walzenauftragsmaschine "SORBINI by CEFLA" Modell SMARTCOATER MF-EVO 03) Kd.-Nr. Y11036 – UV-Trockner (1 Lampe) "CEFLA" Modell UV 2000 M1 - TT 2000 04) Kd.-Nr. Y11037 – Walzenauftragsmaschine "SORBINI by CEFLA" Modell SMARTCOATER M-1 AN 05) Kd.-Nr. Y11041 – UV-Trockner (2 Lampen) "CEFLA" Modell UV-R M20 06) Kd.-Nr. Y11061 – Schleifmaschine "COSTA LEVIGATRICI" Modell SH3 TR TTTTR 1350 07) Kd.-Nr. Y11042 – Walzenauftragsmaschine "SORBINI by CEFLA" Modell SMARTCOATER MF-EVO 08) Kd.-Nr. Y11039 – UV-Trockner (2 Lampen) "CEFLA" Modell UV-R M2 09) Kd.-Nr. Y11035 – Walzenauftragsmaschine "BURKLE" Modell RCL-M 1300 (e.a.s.y. Coater) 10) Kd.-Nr. Y11043 – UV-Trockner (3 Lampen) "CEFLA" Modell UV-R M3

Kondisi: bekas, Tahun pembuatan: 2000, 24694876 Giedpfx Aew Nxkfehyow

Kondisi: baik (bekas), berat keseluruhan: 160 kg, The BookMaster brochure maker and TrimMaster front trimmer combine maximum performance with cost efficiency. They are easy to operate and require minimal maintenance, making them by far the most advanced, user-friendly, and reliable saddle stitch booklet makers on the market. The BookMaster features a unique stitching mechanism that ensures virtually maintenance-free operation. The main wear parts are integrated in the staple cartridge and are replaced every 5,000 cycles when the cartridge is changed, allowing for over a million cycles before any stapler head maintenance is required. The BookMaster is equipped with a manual setup for adjusting page margins, end offset, and staple/fold position. Giedpjy Idr Hefx Ahyjw The TrimMaster trimming unit has a single, self-sharpening blade made of hardened steel for a clean cut of the book front edge. All trimmings are conveyed to an external waste container outside the machine, allowing for continuous operation. The finished brochures are transported onto a high-performance delivery belt. Additional information: - Max sheet size: 482 x 320 mm - Min sheet size: 210 x 140 mm - Max brochure thickness: 22 sheets - Max cut length: 25 mm - 230 volts Shipping available, collection possible, test run available. Operating manual also included.

Kondisi: siap digunakan (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 1996, de-to-hu-it-lt-lv-nb-nl-pl Gsdpfx Ahjy Hvp Ujyjiw

Kondisi: hampir baru (bekas), Tahun pembuatan: 2010, Fungsionalitas: berfungsi sepenuhnya, Dijual inti dari sebuah pabrik bir lengkap SALM. Brew house 2 peralatan ini mengesankan dengan bagian dalam yang kokoh dari baja tahan karat dan pelapis tembaga klasik yang sangat representatif – ideal untuk pabrik bir pertunjukan, brewpub, atau untuk memperluas kapasitas yang sudah ada. Komponen: Lauter tun berbahan baja tahan karat dengan pelapis tembaga, 1800 lt Gisdpfewiu Twsx Ahyow Mash tun berbahan baja tahan karat dengan pelapis tembaga, 1800 lt Kontrol rumah rebusan (termasuk Siemens SIMATIC touch panel) Cocok dengan brew house ini, kami juga memiliki komponen lain dari pabrik bir lengkap asli yang tersedia di stok. Jika diinginkan, tangki penyimpanan, pompa tambahan, selang, atau perangkat periferal lainnya dapat dibeli secara opsional.